富有家庭有一套养育孩子的体系，贫困家庭也有另一套养育孩子的体系。

The wealthy parents will heavily involved in their children's free time, shuttling them from one activity to the next. quizzing them about their coaches and teammates.

富有家庭的父母普遍干涉孩子的自由时间，让孩子参加各式各样的活动，他们没完没了地为孩子打听老师、教练、队友的情况。

One of the well-off children Lareau followed played on a baseball team, two soccer teams, a swimming team, and a basketball team in the summer, played in an orchestra and took piano lessons.

拉里奥曾跟随过一个富有家庭的孩子，这个孩子一个夏天就参加了一支棒球队、两支足球队、一支游泳队和一支篮球队，此外，他还参加了一支管弦乐队，并且学习弹钢琴。

That kind of intensive scheduling was almost entirely absent from the lives of the poor children.

这些紧凑的活动安排，对贫困家庭的孩子来说完全是不可能的。

Play for them wasn't soccer practice twice a week.

他们的游戏不是一周两次的足球培训，

It was making up games outside with their siblings and other kids in the neighborhood.

而是与自己的兄弟姐妹或者是邻居的小孩在外面一块玩耍。

What a child did was considered by his or her parents as something separate from the adult world and not particularly consequential.

孩子们和他们的父母都认为，孩子们做的一切都不属于成年人的世界，两者之间没有什么显著的联系。

One girl from a working-class family, Katie Brindle, sang in a choir after school.

一个来自劳动阶层的女孩——卡蒂·布琳德尔——放学之后就到唱诗班唱歌，

But she signed up for it herself and walked to choir practice on her own.

但她是自愿加入并且自己选择步行到唱诗班练习。

Lareau writes: What Mrs Brindle doesn't do that is routine for middle-class mothers is view her daughter's interest in singing as a signal to look for other ways to help her develop that interest into a formal talent.

拉里奥写道：与中产阶层的母亲们不同的是，布琳德尔夫人并没有因为女儿喜欢唱歌的爱好就想尽一切办法进一步培养她的兴趣，进一步挖掘女儿表现出来的禀赋。

Similarly Mrs Brindle does not discuss Katie's interest in drama or express regret that she cannot afford to cultivate her daughter's talent.

布琳德尔夫人并没有特别在意卡蒂对戏剧表演的兴趣，也没有因为自己没能力培养她在这方面的才华而懊恼。

Instead she frames Katie's skills and interests as character traits, singing and acting are part of what makes Katie "Katie"

相反，她认为卡蒂的才能和兴趣只是她的个性而已——一个不唱歌不表演的“卡蒂”就不是真正的卡蒂了。

She sees the shows her daughter puts on as "cute," as a way for Katie to "get attention."

她觉得女儿只是在向别人展示一个“聪明伶俐”的自己，这只是卡蒂“吸引别人注意”的一种方法。

The middle-class parents would take things through with their children.

中产阶层的父母喜欢对孩子刨根究底，每一件事都要问清楚来龙去脉。

Reasoning with them.

当然了。

They didn't just issue commands.

他们不仅仅喜欢自己发号施令，

They expected their children to talk back to them, to negotiate, to question adults in positions of authority.

也希望他们的孩子能够拿出自己的威信，敢和父母顶嘴，能和别人谈判，能质疑成年人。

If their children were doing poorly, the wealthier parents challenged teachers, they intervened them on behalf of their kids.

一旦他们的孩子在学校的境况不如意，富有阶层的父母就会到学校责问孩子的老师，他们觉得自己需要为孩子争取权益。

One child Lareau follows just misses qualifying for a gifted program.

拉里奥跟踪过一个孩子，因为没达到学校特长班的招生资格，

Her mother arranges for her to be retested privately, petitions at school and gets her daughter admitted.

她的母亲于是请求学校，为她专门再次组织了一个私人测试，她的女儿最终进入了特长班。