纳吉布·马哈富兹出生于1911年，并于2006年逝世。马哈富兹是埃及小说家，1988年诺贝尔文学奖获得主。他是现代阿拉伯文学之父，并在阿拉伯世界赫赫有名。他的许多著作均与埃及民族主义有关。并认为政治是他的思想“轴心”。

Mahfouz came from a lower middle-class Muslim family in Cairo, the youngest of seven children. He had a very strict Islamic upbringing. He later wondered how “an artist would emerge from that family". Mahfouz was an avid reader and spent his early years with his head buried in books. His interests included traditional Arab literature and Western classics and detective stories.

马哈富兹出生于开罗的下层中产阶级家庭，在所有7名兄弟姐妹中排名最末。并受到了严格的伊斯兰教育。他曾对诞生在这种家庭的艺术家而感到困惑。马哈富兹喜欢阅读，并很早就与书籍结缘。他的涉猎范围包括传统阿拉伯文学、西方经典以及侦探小说。

He graduated in philosophy from the University of Cairo and decided to be a professional writer. He got a job in the Ministry of Culture, where he stayed until 1972, as a movie censor. While working as a civil servant, Mahfouz wrote 34 novels, 350 short stories, dozens of movie scripts and five plays. Many of his works were made into Arabic-language movies.

他毕业于开罗大学哲学系，并决定成为职业作家。他曾在文化部担任电影1.because of 因为

例句：It is mainly because of my fault. 

这主要是由于我的过错。

2.Ministry of Culture 文化部

例句：Both funds are supervised by the Ministry of Culture.

这两项基金均由文化部监管。

3.civil servant 公务员

例句：The civil servant's expression, however, did not change, not so much as by a flicker.

然而，那位公务员的表情还是那样，丝毫没变。

4.condemn to 宣判

例句：He was condemned to life imprisonment.

他被判终身监禁。审查官，并于1972年离任。担任国家公务员期间，马哈富兹创作了34部小说，350个短片故事，数十部电影剧本以及五部话剧。许多作品也拍摄成了阿拉伯语电影。

Mahfouz was not a stranger to controversy. Many Arab countries banned his books because of his support of Egypt’s peace treaty with Israel. He also supported Salman Rushdie after Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini condemned the author to death. Mahfouz received many death threats, and he survived an assassination attempt in 1994. He is the only Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

对马哈富兹的非议不断。因支持埃及以色列签署“和平协议”，他的作品也因此成为了许多阿拉伯国家的禁书。因萨尔曼·鲁西迪被鲁霍拉·霍梅尼判处死刑，马哈富兹还公开支持鲁西迪。马哈富兹曾受到许多死亡威胁，1994年，他在一次暗杀行动中死里逃生。他也成为了阿拉伯史上首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的阿拉伯作家。