VOA慢速英语2016 运动能预防两大疾病（在线收听）

Exercise Can Protect Against Two Major Diseases 运动能预防两大疾病

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道。

We all know that exercise keeps us healthy. But two new studies get more specific. They look at how exercise may lower the risk of two major causes of death – cancer and stroke.

我们都知道运动可以让我们身体健康。但是两项新的研究得到了更为具体的结果。它们研究了运动可以如何降低两项主要死亡原因的风险，也就是癌症和中风。

One study says exercise may lower the risk for 13 types of cancer. Another says that middle-aged people can reduce their chance of having a stroke by exercising.

一项研究表示，运动可以降低13种癌症的风险。另一项研究表示，中年人可以通过运动降低他们中风的几率。

First let's talk about cancer.

首先我们来谈谈癌症。

Steven Moore of the National Cancer Institute led a team of researchers to study more than 1.4 million people.

美国国家癌症研究所的史蒂芬·摩尔（Steven Moore）领导的研究团队对140多万人进行了研究。

The study looked at participants in 12 U.S. and European groups. These people reported on their physical activity between 1987 and 2004. The researchers looked at the occurrence of 26 kinds of cancer among the participants during, on average, the next 11 years.

这项研究调查了欧美12家组织的参与者。这些人在1987年到2004年期间汇报了他们的身体活动情况。研究人员查看了这些参与者在接下来平均11年期间26种癌症的发生情况。

Many participants reported walking, running and swimming. The researchers took into account how long they exercised per week, what they ate, if they were obese and if they smoked.

许多参与者报告了散布、跑步和游泳。研究人员着重考虑了他们每周进行了多长时间运动，吃了什么，他们是否肥胖以及是否吸烟。

In an interview with NBC News, Moore explains that exercise "can help people reduce their risk of heart disease. It can reduce the risk of diabetes." It helps you live longer. And now, he adds, it appears that it may reduce the risks of some cancers."

摩尔在接受NBC新闻的一次采访中解释说，运动“可以帮助们降低患心脏病的风险，也能降低患糖尿病的风险。”运动能使人长寿。而现在，他补充说，看来运动还能降低一些癌症的风险。

Moore and his team found that exercise lowered the risk of developing:

摩尔和他的研究团队发现，运动减少了患病的风险：

cancer of the esophagus by 42 percent

食道癌降低了42%

liver cancer by 27 percent

肝癌降低了27%

lung cancer by 26 percent and

肺癌降低了26%

breast cancer by 10 percent.

乳腺癌降低了10%

Exercise also lowered the risk of a specific type of leukemia by 20 percent.

运动还能让患上某种特定类型白血病的风险降低20%。

Moore told NBC that there are some possible explanations for the findings. First, exercise can lower hormone levels like estrogen. Lower levels of estrogen would lower the risk of breast and endometrial cancers. He adds that exercise helps maintain insulin and that may lower overall inflammation in the body.

摩尔对NBC表示，这一发现存在一些可能的解释。首先，运动可以降低激素水平，像是雌性激素。雌性激素水平较低会降低乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的风险。他补充说，运动有助于维持胰岛素，而这可以降低体内的整体炎症。

However, one type of cancer puzzled the researchers.

然而某种类型的癌症困扰着这些研究人员。

They found that exercise increased the chance of developing prostate cancer by five percent. But they wrote that they could not explain the connection.

他们发现，运动让患上前列腺癌的机会增加了5%。但是这些研究人员称他们无法解释这种关联。

The researchers also found that people who did heavier exercises had a slightly higher rate of skin cancer. This, they say, could be from more sun exposure.

这些研究人员还发现，运动量更大的人们患上皮肤癌的几率略高。他们表示，这可能是因为接受了更多的日照。

Now, how exercise affects strokes.

现在我们来说说运动如何影响中风。

The more fit a person is in middle age, the less likely he or she will have a crippling stroke after age 65.

人们在中年时越健壮，65岁之后严重中风的可能性就更低。

This is the result of a new study by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

这是得克萨斯大学西南医学中心一项新研究的成果。

Doctors studied 20,000 men and women between the ages of 45 and 50. They found that those who were most fit from moderate to vigorous exercise had a 37 percent lower risk of a stroke than those who were least fit.

医生们研究了年龄在45岁到50岁的2万名男女。他们发现，最适应中度至重度运动的人们比最不适应的人们中风的风险低了37%。

They say the lowered risk of a future stroke was present even when the subjects had other risk factors. These factors include high blood pressure and type-2 diabetes.

他们表示，未来中风的风险降低是存在的，即便这些研究对象存在其它风险因素。这些因素包括高血压和二型糖尿病。

The researchers of this study say they want doctors to not ignore low levels of exercise and fitness as risk factors for a stroke.

这项研究的研究人员表示，他们希望医生不要忽视锻炼和健身程度不高也是中风的风险因素。

This study was published in the latest issue of the medical journal called Stroke.

这项研究发表在最新一期的《中风》医学杂志上。

Words in This Story

esophagus – n. medical : the tube that leads from the mouth through the throat to the stomach

liver – n. a large organ of the body that produces bile and cleans the blood

lung – n. either one of the two organs that people and animals use to breathe air

breast – n. the front part of a person's body between the neck and the stomach

leukemia – n. medical : a very serious disease in which the body forms too many white blood cells

participant – n. a person who is involved in an activity or event : a person who participates in an activity or event

took into account – ?idiomatic phrase. to consider something

endometrial – adj. the mucous membrane lining the uterus

insulin – n. a substance that your body makes and uses to turn sugar into energy

inflammation – n. a condition in which a part of your body becomes red, swollen, and painful

puzzled – adj. feeling or showing confusion because something is difficult to understand

fit – adj. physically healthy and strong

cripple – v. to cause (a person or animal) to be unable to move or walk normally

factors – n. something that helps produce or influence a result : one of the things that cause something to happen