美国有线新闻 CNN 2016-6-24（在线收听）

ELIZABETH COHEN, CNN SENIOR MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: A melanoma is a cancer that begins in the skin cells. The face and the neck are common areas for melanomas to appear. For men also, the chest and the back, for women, the legs. Exposure to U.V. lights such as the sun causes most melanomas.

黑素瘤是始于皮肤细胞的一种癌症。面部和颈部是黑素瘤常见的出现区域。对男性而言，还包括胸部和背部，对女性而言，则在腿部。大多数患黑素瘤是由于暴露在紫外灯下，例如太阳。

When melanoma is caught early, it’s almost always curable. In fact, when you look at people where melanoma was caught early, five years later, 97 percent of them are still alive. But when melanoma is caught late, it is extremely deadly. When you look at melanomas that are stage four, that’s the most advanced, five years later, only 15 percent to 20 percent of those people are still alive.

黑素瘤在早期发现时，几乎是可以治愈的。事实上，当你观察一下那些被早期发现黑素瘤的人们，在五年之后，他们中的97%都还健在。但黑素瘤到晚期才发现时，是非常致命的。当你发现黑素瘤已达到第四阶段时，五年后，这些人只有15％到20％仍然活着。这是最新数据。

Unfortunately, melanoma is particularly likely to spread to the brain. When you look at people with stage four melanoma, 60 percent of those patients will develop brain tumors.

不幸的是，黑素瘤特别容易扩散到大脑，当你观察黑素瘤已经达到第四阶段的人们，这些患者中的60%都已患上脑瘤。

There are various treatments for melanoma. It can include surgery, radiation chemotherapy and the use of targeted, newer cancer drugs.

针对黑素瘤有各种治疗方法。包括外科手术、放射化学疗法和使用靶向药物、新的癌症药物。

Now, some melanomas can’t be prevented, but some can. So, the most important thing is to stay out of the sun as much as you can, and if you are in the sun, cover up with clothing or with sunscreen. And certainly, don’t use tanning beds.

现在，一些黑素瘤不可预防，但有些可以。因此，最重要的是尽可能地远离太阳，如果你在阳光下，要使用衣物或防晒霜遮盖。当然，不要使用日光浴床。

The American Cancer Society recommends that you check your body once a month. Look for moles, look for new moles, and also for changes in moles that already you have.

美国癌症协会建议您每月检查一次身体。寻找痣，寻找新的痣并且还要观察已经存在的痣的变化。