China lays great store by the planning, andlegislative/institutional/regulatory systems (knownin Chinese as "One Planning plus Three Systems")associated with nuclear emergency preparedness,and ensures the establishment and full functioningof a national nuclear emergency management systemthrough the safeguards of legislation, institutionand regulations.

　　中国高度重视核应急的预案和法制、体制、机制(简称"一案三制")建设，通过法律制度保障、体制机制保障，建立健全国家核应急组织管理体系。

　　Strengthening national nuclear emergency planning system building. The National NuclearEmergency Plan is an action program pre-set by the central government to cope with nuclearaccident scenarios. The National Nuclear Emergency Plan lays down a whole set of regulations onthe organizational system, command and coordination mechanism, emergency responseclassification, post-accident restoration actions, and emergency preparation and safeguardmeasures related to nuclear emergency preparation and response actions. In line with therequirements of the National Nuclear Emergency Plan, governments at all levels and nuclearinstallation operators must draw up nuclear emergency plans fully in keeping with the NationalNuclear Emergency Plan, so as to form a nationwide system of nuclear emergency planning.

　　加强全国核应急预案体系建设。《国家核应急预案》是中央政府应对处置核事故预先制定的工作方案。《国家核应急预案》对核应急准备与响应的组织体系、核应急指挥与协调机制、核事故应急响应分级、核事故后恢复行动、应急准备与保障措施等作了全面规定。按照《国家核应急预案》要求，各级政府部门和核设施营运单位制定核应急预案，形成相互配套衔接的全国核应急预案体系。

　　Strengthening nuclear emergency legislative system building. China has put in place its ownnuclear emergency legal framework, comprising state laws, administrative regulations,departmental rules, national and industrial standards, and management guidelines. As early asAugust 1993 China put into effect the Regulations on Emergency Management of NuclearAccidents at Nuclear Power Plants. Since the beginning of this century China has, in succession,enacted the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of RadioactivePollution and Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China, providing regulationsand requirements from the legal perspective on nuclear emergency preparedness. In July2015 the newly revised State Security Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated,further reinforcing the nuclear accident emergency system and emergency response capacitybuilding to prevent, control and eliminate damage to the life and health of the general publicand ecological environment. In keeping with the foregoing laws and regulations, relevantdepartments of the government have worked out and put into effect their respective regulationsand management guidelines, and relevant institutions and nuclear-related industries havedrawn up applicable technical standards. The military also has drawn up relevantregulations, and established systems governing emergency rescue actions associated withnuclear emergency preparedness. Currently efforts are being made to push forward thelegislative process associated with the Atomic Energy Law and Nuclear Safety Law.

　　加强核应急法制建设。中国基本形成国家法律、行政法规、部门规章、国家和行业标准、管理导则于一体的核应急法律法规标准体系。早在1993年8月就颁布实施《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》。进入本世纪以来，又先后颁布实施《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》，从法律层面对核应急作出规定和要求。2015年7月，新修订的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》开始实施，进一步强调加强核事故应急体系和应急能力建设，防止、控制和消除核事故对公众生命健康和生态环境的危害。与这些法律法规相配套，政府相关部门制定相应的部门规章和管理导则，相关机构和涉核行业制定技术标准。军队制定参加核电厂核事故应急救援条例等相关法规和规章制度。目前，正积极推进原子能法、核安全法立法进程。

　　Strengthening nuclear emergency management system building. China implements a nuclearemergency management system featuring unified leadership at the national level, overallcoordination, assignment of responsibilities to different levels and emphasis on localizedadministration. The nuclear emergency management is led and placed under theresponsibility of the department designated by the central government. The governments ofthe province (autonomous region or centrally administered municipality) wherein nuclearinstallations are located are responsible for nuclear emergency management within theirrespective jurisdictions. The operator of the relevant nuclear installation and its seniorcompetent authority (unit) shall be responsible for on-site emergency management.Wherever necessary, the central government will lead, organize and coordinate nuclearemergency management at the national level.

　　加强核应急管理体制建设。中国核应急实行国家统一领导、综合协调、分级负责、属地管理为主的管理体制。全国核应急管理工作由中央政府指定部门牵头负责。核设施所在地的省(区、市)人民政府指定部门负责本行政区域内的核应急管理工作。核设施营运单位及其上级主管部门(单位)负责场内核应急管理工作。必要时，由中央政府领导、组织、协调全国的核事故应急管理工作。

　　Strengthening nuclear emergency mechanism building. China implements a nuclearemergency organization and coordination mechanism featuring leadership by onedepartment and participation by multiple departments. At the national level, a NationalNuclear Accident Emergency Coordination Committee has been set up comprising relevantgovernmental and military departments with the following main responsibilities: implementingstate nuclear emergency work guidelines, drawing up national policies for nuclear emergencymanagement, uniformly coordinating emergency activities at the national level, and deciding,organizing and commanding emergency assistance response actions. A National NuclearEmergency Office has also been set up to undertake the routine work of the National NuclearAccident Emergency Coordination Committee. At the provincial (regional and municipal)levels, nuclear emergency coordination bodies have been established, and operators ofnuclear installations have set up their respective nuclear emergency bodies. At the national andprovincial (regional and municipal) levels and within the operators of the nuclear installations,committees of experts or the support organizations thereof have been established to provideadvice and suggestions on nuclear emergency preparedness and response.

　　加强核应急机制建设。中国实行由一个部门牵头、多个部门参与的核应急组织协调机制。在国家层面，设立国家核事故应急协调委员会，由政府和军队相关部门组成，主要职责是：贯彻国家核应急工作方针，拟定国家核应急工作政策，统一协调全国核事故应急，决策、组织、指挥应急支援响应行动。同时设立国家核事故应急办公室，承担国家核事故应急协调委员会日常工作。在省(区、市)层面，设立核应急协调机构。核设施营运单位设立核应急组织。国家和各相关省(区、市)以及核设施营运单位建立专家委员会或支撑机构，为核应急准备与响应提供决策咨询和建议。

　　IV.Building and Maintenance of Nuclear Emergency Capabilities