历届美国总统简介：哈里·S·杜鲁门（在线收听）

哈里·S·杜鲁门（英语：Harry S.Truman，1884年5月8日－1972年12月26日），美国民主党政治家，第32任副总统（1945年），随后接替因病逝世的富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统，成为了第33任美国总统（1945年－1953年）。相比前任总统，杜鲁门支持度不算高，但他谨慎果断的性格令他得以面对险峻的国际情势时，可以克服许多艰巨挑战。他外交经验谈不上丰富，但在他任期内却制订了很多对后世影响深远的外交政策。比如，他批准对日本使用原子弹，签署联合国协议和北约协议，形成了美国其后数十年反对共产主义的国家政策——杜鲁门主义。他任期内，尽管出现很多产业纠纷、丑闻以及前苏联间谍案，导致杜鲁门声誉受损，最后只得放弃竞选连任，但今日的历史学者仍视他为最出色的美国总统之一。[1]  在美国有线电视频道邀请65位权威历史学家所作的调查中，杜鲁门位列最受爱戴的美国总统第五名。[2] 

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953). Truman was born in Missouri in 1884 and grew up on his family’s farm. He went to France during World War I as a captain. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a wool shop in Kansas City. Truman was the only president who served after 1897 without a college degree. His poor eyesight halted his studies.

Active in the Democratic Party, Truman was elected a judge of the Jackson County Court (an administrative position) in 1922. He became a Senator in 1934. During World War II he headed the Senate war investigating committee, checking into waste and corruption and saved up to $15 billion and thousands of lives. His efforts put him on the cover of ‘Time’ magazine in 1943.

Truman became vice president in 1944. He succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died. He told reporters, "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me." As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history, including the nuclear attacks on Japan, the defense of Berlin against communism, and America’s entry into the Korean War.

In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations and negotiated the alliance that became NATO. After WWII, he presented to Congress his “Fair Deal” to modernize the USA and introduce greater social welfare. He also oversaw the Marshall Plan, which brought economic recovery in war-torn Western Europe. He decided not to run for a third term. He died in 1972 aged 88.