第十八章

　　The Persian Wars

　　抗击波斯人侵的战争

　　How the Greeks defended Europe Against Asiatic invasion and drove the Persians back across the Aegean Sea

　　希腊人成功抵御了亚洲对欧洲的入侵，将波斯人赶回了爱琴海对岸

　　The Greeks had learned the art of trading from the Aegeans who had been the pupils of the Phoenicians. They had founded colonies after the Phoenician pattern. They had even improved upon the Phoenician methods by a more general use of money in dealing with foreign customers. In the sixth century before our era they had established themselves firmly along the coast of Asia Minor and they were taking away trade from the Phoenicians at a fast rate. This the Phoenicians of course did not like but they were not strong enough to risk a war with their Greek competitors. They sat and waited nor did they wait in vain.

　　爱琴海人是职业商人腓尼基人的学生，之后希腊人从爱琴海人那里学会了贸易之道。他们模仿腓尼基人的模式，建起许多殖民地，并广泛使用货币与外国客商交易，成效大大超越了腓尼基人。到公元前6世纪，他们已牢牢控制了小亚细亚沿岸，凭借更高的效率他们夺走了腓尼基人的大部分生意。当然，腓尼基人对希腊人的后来居上怀恨在心，不过他们的实力还不够对希腊人发动一场战争。他们不愿冒险，只是将仇恨悄悄理在心里，等待着报复的机会来临。

　　In a former chapter, I have told you how a humble tribe of Persian shepherds had suddenly gone upon the warpath and had conquered the greater part of western Asia. The Persians were too civilised to plunder their new subjects. They contented themselves with a yearly tribute. When they reached the coast of Asia Minor they insisted that the Greek colonies of Lydia recognize the Persian Kings as their over-Lords and pay them a stipulated tax. The Greek colonies objected. The Persians insisted. Then the Greek colonies appealed to the home-country and the stage was set for a quarrel.

　　在前面的章节里，我已经给你们讲述过波斯帝国崛起的故事。一个来自波斯的默默无闻的游牧部落踏上了四处征伐的路途，他们在短时间内攫取了西亚大部分土地。这些波斯人态度彬彬有礼，做事方式还算文明。他们并不劫掠归顺他们的臣民，只要这些臣民每年进贡一定的赋税就心满意足了。当波斯人挺进到小亚细亚海岸时，他们坚持要求自底亚地区的希腊殖民地承认波斯国王是他们至高无上的主人，并按国王规定的数额缴税。这些希腊殖民地拒绝了波斯人的无礼要求，并向爱琴海对岸的祖国求救。战争的大幕就此徐徐拉开。

　　For if the truth be told, the Persian Kings regarded the Greek citystates as very dangerous political institutions and bad examples for all other people who were supposed to be the patient slaves of the mighty Persian Kings.

　　如果史书记载得没错，历任的波斯国王一直将希腊的城邦制视为心腹大患。但归顺波斯帝国的诸多民族很可能以这种制度为榜样，以至于反抗波斯的统治。因此，波斯人认为，这种危险的政治制度必须被消灭，让波斯帝国的威严旗帜飘扬在希腊的上空。