[00:01.07]第十九课

　　[00:02.14]NIGHTINGALE

　　[00:03.17]南丁格尔

　　[00:04.21]Florence Nightingale came from a rich family and was very pretty.

　　[00:07.60]弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔出身富有家庭，相貌俊俏。

　　[00:11.00]In her family,young girls usually spent their time going to parties until they married rich young men.

　　[00:15.05]在像她这样的家庭里，年轻女子先是把时间打发在舞上，然后嫁给富家子弟。

　　[00:19.10]But Florence found parties boring;she wanted to be a nurse.

　　[00:22.06]但是弗罗伦斯觉得舞会无聊；她想当护士。

　　[00:25.03]Finally,in 1850,when she was 30,her parents accepted her decision.So she went to study in a hospital in Germany.

　　[00:31.49]1850年她三十岁的时候，她父母终于接受了她的抉择。她这才得以到德意志的一所医院里学习。

　　[00:37.96]Then she was in charge of a nursing-home for women in London.

　　[00:40.36]后来她在伦敦负责一家妇女护理院。

　　[00:42.76]Soon she was asked to go to the Crimea to take charge of the wounded soldiers.

　　[00:46.55]不久就被派到克里米亚照顾伤员。

　　[00:50.34]The conditions in the Crimean hospital were terrible.Forty per cent of the patients died.

　　[00:54.56]克里米亚医院的条件非常糟糕。百分之四十的病人在医院里死去。

　　[00:58.78]Certain beds seemed fatal:soldiers died in them after two days.

　　[01:02.62]有些床位似乎是致命的：士兵的在床上呆两天就死去。

　　[01:06.46]Nightingale decided that this was because of bad drains,and insisted that the government do something about it.

　　[01:10.67]南丁格尔认为是由于恶劣的排污状况引起的。她主张政府要设法改变这种状况。

　　[01:14.89]Workmen put in a proper drainage system and supplied pure drinking water.

　　[01:17.82]工人安装了合适的排水装置，提供纯净的饮用水。

　　[01:20.74]The death rate dropped to two per cent.On her return to England people greeted Florence Nightingale as a heroine.

　　[01:25.60]死亡率下降到百分之二。当她返回英国时，人们把弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔作为女英雄来欢迎。

　　[01:30.46]She was an important force in the movement to reform hospitals and nursing in England.

　　[01:33.90]她是英国医院改革及护理运动中一个重要的推动力。

　　[01:37.33]By 1900 unsafe hospitals and ignorant nurses were things of the past.

　　[01:40.69]到1900年，不保险的医院与无知识的护士都不存在了。

　　[01:44.05]AFTER THE TEST

　　[01:45.93]How did you do in yesterday’s test?

　　[01:49.71]Not very well,I’m afraid.I made a mistake in grammar and two spelling mistakes.I wasn’t careful enough.

　　[01:58.75]We all make mistakes.But we can learn from our mistakes,can’t we?

　　[02:04.60]How did you do?Did you get everything right?

　　[02:08.65]I didn’t make any mistakes,but my handwriting was poor.My teacher told me to pay more attention to that.

　　[02:18.29]THE SAHARA

　　[02:19.23]撒哈拉沙漠

　　[02:20.17]The Sahara is the largest desert in the world,1,000 miles from north to south and 3,000 miles from east to west.

　　[02:26.39]撒哈拉是世界上最大的沙漠，南北长100英里，东西长3000英里。

　　[02:32.61]But you mustn’t think of it as a "sea of sand".

　　[02:35.40]不过你可别以为它是一片"沙的海洋"。

　　[02:38.20]There are plains of hard sands and plateaus with driep-up watercourses,the there are mountain ranges.

　　[02:42.76]这里有平坦的戈壁滩，有水道干涸了的高原，还有连绵不断的山岭。

　　[02:47.31]Most of the Sahara receives almost no rain at all,and so there are no trees,no flowers,no grass.

　　[02:52.17]撒哈拉大部分地区终年没有什么雨水，不生树木，不长花草。

　　[02:57.03]But there are places with plenty of underground water.

　　[02:59.49]不过有些地方地下水丰富。

　　[03:01.94]Where underground water comes to the surface,there are oases.

　　[03:04.91]地下水涌出的地方，就是片片绿洲。

　　[03:07.87]There you will find lots of date-palms,and people also grow millet and vegetables.

　　[03:12.00]这里可以看到许多椰枣树，人们栽种小米和各种蔬菜。

　　[03:16.13]There the tired traveller takes a rest under the shady trees and has a good drink of its clear well water.

　　[03:21.38]疲乏的旅游者可以在荫凉的树下休息，畅饮清澈的井水。

　　[03:26.63]The Sahara has a very important mineral-oil.This makes the Sahara rich and important.

　　[03:31.32]撒哈拉沙漠还蕴藏一种十分重要的矿产----石油----撒哈拉因此变得富饶，也变得重要了。

　　[03:36.01]rich

　　[03:37.13]富有的

　　[03:38.25]pretty

　　[03:39.79]美丽的

　　[03:41.34]marry

　　[03:43.10]结婚

　　[03:44.86]boring

　　[03:46.49]使人厌倦的

　　[03:48.13]accept

　　[03:49.50]接受

　　[03:50.87]decision

　　[03:52.50]决定

　　[03:54.14]Germany

　　[03:55.17]德国

　　[03:56.20]charge

　　[03:57.53]负责

　　[03:58.86]in charge of

　　[04:00.37]负责……

　　[04:01.87]Crimea

　　[04:03.07]克里米亚

　　[04:04.27]wounded

　　[04:06.47]受伤的

　　[04:08.66]soldier

　　[04:09.78]士兵

　　[04:10.91]condition

　　[04:12.75]条件

　　[04:14.59]terrible

　　[04:16.09]可怕的

　　[04:17.59]patient

　　[04:19.23]病人

　　[04:20.86]fatal

　　[04:22.28]致命的

　　[04:23.71]drain

　　[04:25.34]排水

　　[04:26.97]insist

　　[04:28.70]坚持认为

　　[04:30.42]government

　　[04:31.88]政府

　　[04:33.35]proper

　　[04:34.25]适当的

　　[04:35.15]drainage

　　[04:36.74]排水

　　[04:38.33]system

　　[04:39.71]系统

　　[04:41.08]supply

　　[04:42.32]供给

　　[04:43.56]pure

　　[04:45.28]纯净的

　　[04:47.01]drink

　　[04:48.51]喝

　　[04:50.01]death

　　[04:51.38]死亡

　　[04:52.75]rate

　　[04:54.35]率，比率

　　[04:55.94]drop

　　[04:57.40]降低

　　[04:58.87]greet

　　[05:00.16]接

　　[05:01.45]heroine

　　[05:02.88]女英雄

　　[05:04.30]force

　　[05:05.89]力量

　　[05:07.49]reform

　　[05:09.21]改革

　　[05:10.94]unsafe

　　[05:12.80]危险的

　　[05:14.67]ignorant

　　[05:16.47]无知的

　　[05:18.28]test

　　[05:19.61]测验

　　[05:20.94]well

　　[05:22.08]好

　　[05:23.21]mistake

　　[05:25.02]错误

　　[05:26.82]spelling

　　[05:28.41]拼法

　　[05:30.00]careful

　　[05:31.64]细心

　　[05:33.27]enough

　　[05:34.34]足够

　　[05:35.41]better

　　[05:36.31]较好

　　[05:37.21]than

　　[05:38.68]比

　　[05:40.14]before

　　[05:41.77]在…前

　　[05:43.41]progress

　　[05:44.78]进步

　　[05:46.15]to make progress

　　[05:48.55]有进步

　　[05:50.96]right

　　[05:52.42]正确的

　　[05:53.88]handwriting

　　[05:55.38]书法

　　[05:56.88]poor

　　[05:58.05]差

　　[05:59.21]attention

　　[06:01.10]注意

　　[06:03.00]to pay attention (to)

　　[06:05.62]注意