美国国家公共电台 NPR Smithsonian Reveals Winning Design For New Native American Veterans Memorial（在线收听）

MARY LOUISE KELLY, HOST:

Today, the Smithsonian revealed its winning design to commemorate Native American veterans. They selected the work of Oklahoma artist Harvey Pratt. Here is how he describes the memorial, which he designed and which will be placed on the National Mall.

HARVEY PRATT: I have a 12-foot metal circle upright and a drum holding that - a drum that is covered with moving water that flows over it.

KELLY: Pratt has Cheyenne, Sioux and Arapaho heritage, and he served in the Vietnam War where he was attached to a Marine combat unit. Pratt spoke with us from member station KGOU in Norman, Okla., about his design, which is titled Warriors' Circle Of Honor.

PRATT: My design is made to - people to interact, to come into it. It's not a statue. It's an architectural piece. And it has the five military seals carved into the stone on the east wall.

KELLY: Of each of the five services.

PRATT: Yes, ma'am.

KELLY: And it's interesting to hear you say it's not a statue, the distinction for you being - what? - you want it to be more alive than statue implies?

PRATT: I want it to be interactive so that people can actually come inside and Native people and visitors can see war veterans that may come in there and tell a war story or their war mothers will tell a story about their family or their loved ones that is currently overseas or had been at one time. And there's a fire - there's a flame inside of the upright circle and the water below that. And those are all elements that Native American people use - water, fire and wind and the earth. And so I incorporated those into my design because most tribes use those elements. Fire is purity and kind of hardens us, and it comforts us. And what I wanted my memorial to be is that when people come in there, they can make their promises or vows. They can use the water to bless themselves. And other people can observe that.

KELLY: Well - because this was part of the mandate, as I understand it. When Congress commissioned it, the idea was this needs to be something that all Americans can come and appreciate and learn about the tradition of Native American service.

PRATT: Yes. You know, the 650 tribes in the nation - we're all the same, but we're different. And so I made it simple enough that different tribes could recognize certain things in whatever they want to use in those designs that they can use for their ceremony for their veterans. And most nations have veterans tell stories about what they did. And people can come in there and do that and be comforted, you know, and get rid of some things, you know, that's on their mind that bothers them. That's what I want to happen, that this place will become a place of love and healing and comfort and soothe the people.

KELLY: I read that when you were a little boy growing up that you were told, you know, when your family would see veterans walking past, they'd say, hey, go shake those men's hand.

PRATT: Yes.

KELLY: That stayed with you.

PRATT: Yeah, it always has. Veterans are such a big part of our lives. When we have ceremonies, Native people sing a flag song to honor the American flag, and then they sing a song for veterans, and then they sing a song for victory. And that happens at everything. So it's just part of our nature. It's just part of the things that we do as Native people.

KELLY: And why is that? Why is military service and honoring it so important in Native culture?

PRATT: Native American people have been defending this land for a long time, and they've been defending this nation and fighting overseas. So our blood is all over this North American continent, and it's all over this world in defense of this nation. And it's - part of our culture is that warriors are to be respected and honored. I grew up wanting to be one. You know, I wanted to be...

KELLY: Oh, really? You always wanted to go off and serve.

PRATT: Yes. That was just part of the something that I thought I had to do. My grandfather taught us to go without water, to put a little rock in our pocket and when we ran out of water, we'd put that rock in our mouth, and he said you can make your own water. And we'd pound up a little dry meat and put it in your mouth, and you'd make gravy, you know. So it's just little things that were done to me growing up over the years, you know, that always made me a part of this warrior society.

KELLY: A part of instilling this mindset.

PRATT: Yeah.

KELLY: It must be quite something now to have designed a work that's going to honor all of those who came before and all of those who follow after you on that path. That's something that's going to stand on the Mall.

PRATT: I am so proud of that fact for myself and my team and my family and the tribe...

KELLY: Yeah.

PRATT: ...To say that my design was chosen to stand on the Mall at Washington, D.C., among all the other sacred memorials and sacred places.

KELLY: Well, Harvey Pratt, congratulations.

PRATT: Thank you so much.

KELLY: Harvey Pratt, veteran, Oklahoma native and the winner announced today for the design of the National Native American veterans memorial. That memorial is expected to be opened by the end of 2020.