英语PK台 第420期:独立主格(1)(在线收听) |
独立主格的概念 独立主格是什么?独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本标配
名词(代词)+现在分词;名词(代词)+过去分词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+名词;名词(代词)+介词短语
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
由于暴风雨即将来临,那个工人决定收工。
The storm drawing near, the worker decided to call it a day. (The storm drawing near在句中作原因状语)
传统句=Since the storm was drawing near, the worker decided to call it a day. (call it a day 今天到此为止)
冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. (Winter coming在句中作伴随状语)
传统句= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.
时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。
Time permitting, I will go with you. (独立主格作:条件状语)
传统句=If time permits, I will go with you.
那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. (独立主格作:时间状语)
传统句=As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
4. 名词(代词)+形容词
Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
He stood silent in the moonlight, its door open.
他在月光下静静地站着,这时门开了。
5. 名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。 |
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