In one study, they told us they would probably cheat the next time instead of studying more if they failed a test.  在一项研究中，他们告诉我们， 如果他们某次考试未通过，他们很可能会在下次考试中作弊， 而不是更加努力地学习。

In another study, after a failure,  在另一项研究中，他们挂了一门后，

they looked for someone who did worse than they did so they could feel really good about themselves.  他们会找到那些考得还不如他们高的孩子，以寻求自我安慰。

And in study after study, they have run from difficulty.  后续的研究陆续表明， 他们会逃避困难。

Scientists measured the electrical activity from the brain as students confronted an error.  科学家们监测了学生们面对错误时的脑电活动图像。

On the left, you see the fixed mindset students.  在左侧，是固定型思维模式的学生，

There's hardly any activity.  几乎没有什么活动。

They run from the error.  他们在错误面前选择了逃避。

They don't engage with it.  他们没有积极地投入。

But on the right, you have the students with the growth mindset,  但请看右侧，这是成长型思维模式的学生，

the idea that abilities can be developed.  这些学生相信能力会通过锻炼得以提升。

They engage deeply.  他们积极地应对错误。

Their brain is on fire with yet.  他们的大脑在高速运转，

They engage deeply.  他们积极地投入，

They process the error.  他们剖析错误，

They learn from it and they correct it.  从中学习，最终订正。

How are we raising our children?  如今我们是如何教育孩子的呢？

Are we raising them for now instead of yet?  是教育他们专注眼前，而不是注重过程吗？

Are we raising kids who are obsessed with getting A's?  我们培育了一些迷恋刷A的孩子们吗？

Are we raising kids who don't know how to dream big dreams?  我们培育了没有远大理想的孩子们吗？

Their biggest goal is getting the next A or the next test score?  他们最远大的目标就是再拿一个A， 心里所想的就是下一次考试吗？

And are they carrying this need for constant validation with them into their future lives? 他们在今后的生活中，都以分数的高低来评判自己吗？

Maybe, because employers are coming to me and saying,  或许是的，因为企业雇主们跑来找我，

we have already raised a generation  说我们养育的这新一代走上工作岗位的人，

of young workers who can't get through the day without an award. 如果不给他们奖励， 他们一天都过不下去。