the first thing that comes to mind are these human modification technologies 首先想到的便是那些人类改造技术

　　growth hormone therapy, cosmetic surgery,  荷尔蒙生长疗法，整容手术，

　　stimulants like Ritalin, Adderall, anti-depressants, anabolic steroids, artificial hearts. 如利他林，安非他命缓释剂之类的兴奋剂，抗抑郁剂，合成代谢类固醇，人造心脏。

　　It's a pretty pathetic list.  这是一张可悲的清单。

　　They do great things for a few people who suffer from some specific condition, 这些技术极大地帮助了一部分人，这些人患有某些特定的病症。

　　but for most people, they don't really transform what it is to be human. 但对与大多数人来说，它们并不能真正改变人的本质。

　　And they also all seem a little bit 并且，它们看起来也有点

　　most people have this instinct that, well, sure,  大多数人都会本能地认为，

　　there needs to be anti-depressants for the really depressed people.  虽然抗抑郁剂对严重抑郁的人来说确实是必须的，

　　But there's a kind of queasiness that these are unnatural in some way. 但这里面总有一点让人不舒服的成分，因为在某种程度上说，这毕竟是很不自然的。

　　It's worth recalling that there are a lot of other modification technologies 值得一提的是，有许多其他的改造技术

　　and enhancement technologies that we use.  和改善技术供我们使用。

　　We have skin enhancements, clothing.  我们有改善皮肤的产品，服装。

　　As far as I can see, all of you are users of this enhancement technology in this room, so that's a great thing. 据我的观察，你们所有人都是这改善技术的使用者，所以这是个好东西。

　　Mood modifiers have been used from time immemorial --  自古以来，情绪改善剂就一直为人们所使用——

　　caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, immune system enhancement, vision enhancement, anesthetics 咖啡因、酒精、尼古丁、免疫系统增强剂、视力增强品、麻醉剂。

　　we take that very much for granted,  我们通常认为这些是理所当然的，没什么稀奇，

　　but just think about how great progress that is -- like, 但想想看这是多么伟大的进步--比如，

　　having an operation before anesthetics was not fun.  不实施麻醉而进行手术可不是好玩的。

　　Contraceptives, cosmetics and brain reprogramming techniques -- that sounds ominous, 避孕药、美容用品和大脑重新编程技术--听起来并不像什么好事。

　　but the distinction between what is a technology -- a gadget would be the archetype -- 但技术--典型的例子就是小装置，

　　and other ways of changing and rewriting human nature is quite subtle.  以及其他改变和重塑人类本质的方法，这两者的差别很微妙。