美国国家公共电台 NPR 2 Years After Standing Rock Protests, Tensions Remain But Oil Business Booms（在线收听）

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One of the first things President Trump did when he took office was reverse President Obama's decision on the Dakota Access Pipeline. President Obama had effectively blocked it. President Trump effectively allowed it to move forward. That was an early win for the fossil fuel industry and a blow to protesters against the pipeline.

So what's happened since that moment? NPR's Jeff Brady reports.

JEFF BRADY, BYLINE: This was the chant heard often as demonstrations began to attract attention in August of 2016.

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UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTERS: (Chanting) Mni wiconi. Water is life. Mni wiconi. Water is life.

BRADY: Protesters borrowed from the Lakota language to express their concern that a spill from the Dakota Access Pipeline would pollute drinking water for the nearby Standing Rock Sioux reservation.

MIKE FAITH: It turned out to be a massive gathering - a world-wide gathering.

BRADY: Mike Faith is the current chairman of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and says the protests sent a message to the world that Native Americans were standing up for themselves. Many Indigenous people from around the world joined the demonstrations. Among them, Leoyla Cowboy, who left her job and home in New Mexico.

LEOYLA COWBOY: I'm still here (laughter). I haven't really left.

BRADY: At the protest camp, she met and married her partner. Michael Giron, also known as Little Feather, is among the hundreds of protesters arrested. He pled guilty to civil disorder charges. Prosecutors say he was seen pouring fuel on a barricade that was set on fire. Giron is scheduled for release from federal prison next October.

Meanwhile, Cowboy landed a job in North Dakota as an organizer with the Water Protector Legal Collective.

COWBOY: What's been really great and a blessing is being an Indigenous woman learning how to maneuver through the legal system. I didn't know anything before I got here.

BRADY: The legal system in North Dakota is still busy processing the protesters who were arrested. Many have had their charges reduced or dismissed.

There is also a string of active civil suits, one filed by protesters who police sprayed with water in freezing temperatures. In another case, the company that built the pipeline, Energy Transfer, is suing Greenpeace and other environmental groups for inspiring the protest.

And yet another case - tribal members and others seek damages over the shutdown of a local highway near the protest for five months. That shutdown hurt business on the Standing Rock Sioux reservation.

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BRADY: At the tribe's casino, business was down. The tribe won't say how much, but the Bismarck Tribune reported the tribe suffered a $6 million budget shortfall largely because less money was coming in from the casino. Tribal Chairman Mike Faith says business has improved since then.

FAITH: I feel the economy is coming back slow, but it is coming back. I think we're trying to mend fences now. We - some of them may never get repaired.

BRADY: Divisions between the tribe and local residents, who are mostly white, intensified because of the protests. Most people on the street an hour away in Bismarck don't want to talk about that. Craig Keller (ph) is an exception.

CRAIG KELLER: People weren't happy about what was going on and the way the protesters were treating other people.

BRADY: Demonstrators even clashed with police at the state capitol and a local shopping center, and many here saw that as rude. But fewer than 6 percent of those arrested were from North Dakota, says Morton County Commissioner Cody Schulz.

CODY SCHULZ: A lot of the troublesome problems that happened were created by people that are no longer here, so there is no reason for anger, you know, at our neighbors and friends. And I think that's part of the healing process as well.

BRADY: Schulz says the protests cost his county nearly $40 million for police, fire, repairing damaged infrastructure, cleaning up protest camps and prosecutions. That dwarfed the county's half-million-dollar emergency fund, so the state legislature picked up most of the tab. It can afford to do that because North Dakota's oil business is booming. The Dakota Access Pipeline is moving more than a half million barrels of oil a day.

And Ron Ness with the North Dakota Petroleum Council says despite the protests two years ago, the oil industry is expanding.

RON NESS: We're building pipelines here every day. And they may not all be the size and magnitude of the Dakota Access Pipeline, but there are various construction projects, pipeline projects happening in North Dakota on a daily basis.

BRADY: North Dakota's oil production is growing so fast the state likely will run out of pipeline capacity next year, which is one reason Energy Transfer recently announced it plans to expand its Dakota Access Pipeline so that it can transport even more oil. Jeff Brady, NPR News, Bismarck, N.D.