VOA慢速英语2019 特朗普的新移民计划重视家庭关系方面的技能和教育（在线收听）

Trump’s Immigration Plan Values Skills, Education over Family Ties

American President Donald Trump has offered a proposal to reform the country’s immigration system.

美国总统川普提出了一项改革该国移民制度的提案。

Trump says the proposal aims to create a, in his words, “fair, modern and lawful system of immigration for the United States.”

川普称这项提案，用他的话来说，是旨在为美国建立“一项公平、现代和合法的移民制度。”

He spoke at the White House on Thursday.

川普周四在白宫发表了讲话。

The plan would involve new actions to improve border security and a rethinking of the nation’s Green Card system. Those changes are designed to help non-citizens with high-level education, skills and job offers instead of relatives of those already living in the United States.

这项计划会涉及新的行动以改善边境安全和反思国家的绿卡制度。这些变化旨在帮助具备高等教育、技能和工作机会的非公民，而不是那些已经生活在美国的人士的亲属。

A green card is required for all foreigners interested in becoming permanent residents of the United States. Trump’s proposal would keep the number of non-citizens approved for green cards each year at around 1.1 million. But the plan is a major change from the current immigration system, which has been largely based on family connections.

所有想要成为美国永久居民的外国人都需要绿卡。川普的提案将会把每年获得绿卡的非公民人数维持在110万左右，但是这项计划是对目前移民制度的重大变革，目前的移民制度主要是基于家庭关系。

Under the plan, 57 percent of green cards would be given to people with skills or offers of employment. Only 33 percent would go to individuals with family ties to individuals already living in the U.S. American immigration officials estimated that currently about 66 percent of all green cards are given to those with family ties, while only 12 percent are based on skills.

根据这项计划，57%的绿卡将会提供给拥有技能或工作机会的人士。只有33%的绿卡会提供给那些跟已经居住在美国的个人存在家庭关系的人士。美国移民官员估计，目前66%的绿卡给了具有家庭关系的人士，只有12%是基于技能。

Before Trump’s announcement, U.S. officials said the plan would create a visa system based on points, similar to systems used by Canada and other countries. Many more green cards would go to top college students so they can stay in the U.S. after completing their degree programs. There would also be more green cards given to professional workers and people with high-level degrees and occupational training. Officials would also consider a person’s age, English language ability and employments offers.

在川普宣布这项提案之前，美国官员称，这项计划将会建立一种基于积分的签证制度，类似于加拿大等国采用的制度。更大的绿卡将会提供给名牌大学生，这样他们就能在完成学位课程后留在美国。还将会为专业技术人员以及具备高等学位和职业培训的人士提供更多绿卡。官员还会考虑个人的年龄、英语能力以及工作机会。

The plan would reduce the numbers of visas the government sets aside for refugees. It also would end the government’s diversity visa lottery program. Under that program, green cards are given to citizens of countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States.

该计划将会减少政府为难民留出的签证数量，还会取消政府的“绿卡抽签”计划。这项计划会将绿卡发放给历史上移民美国比例很低的国家的公民。

Challenges in Congress

面临国会的挑战

Efforts to reform the U.S. immigration system have failed for almost 30 years. And Trump’s proposal will face opposition from lawmakers, including members of his own Republican Party.

美国移民制度的改革措施已经面临了近30年的失败。川普的提案也将会遭到议员们的反对，包括自家的共和党议员。

The Democratic Party wants a plan to deal with the millions of immigrants already living in the country without a visa. They include hundreds of thousands of young people brought to the U.S. illegally as children. And Republicans want to reduce overall rates of immigration.

民主党希望有一项计划可以处理已经在美国生活的数百万无证移民，其中包括数万名幼时被非法带到美国的年轻人。而共和党希望降低移民的总体比例。

Lisa Koop is director of legal services at the National Immigrant Justice Center. She criticized parts of the Trump proposal.

丽莎·库普（Lisa Koop）是美国国家移民司法中心法律服务部的主任。她批评了川普提案的部分内容。

“A plan that forces families apart, limits access to asylum and other humanitarian relief, and doesn’t contemplate a path to citizenship for DACA recipients and other undocumented community members is clearly a political stunt intended to posture rather than problem-solve,” Koop said.

库普表示：“这是一项迫使家庭分离、限制获得庇护和其它人道主义救济的计划，它没有为DACA接受者以及其他无证社区移民考虑一条获得公民身份的途径，这显然是一种故作姿态的政治噱头，而不是为了解决问题。”

DACA is short for the term Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. It is a policy that protects young people brought to the U.S. illegally as children from being sent back to their homeland.

DACA是《幼年抵美暂缓递解行动》（DACA）一词的缩写，这项政策能防止幼时被非法带到美国的年轻人被遣返回国。

Trump has worked to end the DACA program, and efforts to reach a compromise on DACA collapsed last year.

川普竭力终止DACA计划，一项就DACA计划达成妥协的措施在去年失败了。

Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said of Trump’s latest proposal, “It’s not going to happen.”

参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默（Chuck Schumer）表示川普的最新提案“不会实现。”

Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina is a Republican and a close ally of Trump. Graham said of the plan, “I don’t think it’s designed to get Democratic support as much as it is to unify the Republican Party around border security, a negotiating position.”

南卡罗来纳州参议员林赛·格雷厄姆（Lindsey Graham）是共和党人，也是特朗普的亲密盟友。格雷厄姆谈到该计划时表示：“我认为这不是为了获得民主党支持，而是为了让共和党围绕边境安全统一起来，这是一种谈判立场。”

The plan, U.S. officials say, would increase inspection at ports of entry, build a border wall in some areas, and aim to reduce the number of people seeking asylum at the border.

美国官员表示，这项计划将会增加入境口岸的检查，在一些地区建立边界墙，并旨在减少在边境寻求庇护的人数。

Mark Krikorian is executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, an organization that calls for lower immigration rates. He praised what he called a “very positive effort” on legal immigration, but said it was “undermined by the embrace of the current very high level of immigration.”

马克·克里科里安（Mark Krikorian）是美国移民研究中心的执行主任，该机构呼吁降低移民率。他称赞了对合法移民人数非常积极的努力，但是表示它“受到了目前接纳非常高比例移民人数的破坏。”

I'm Caty Weaver.

Words in This Story

green card - n. an identification card permitting the holder to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely

access - n. a way of getting near, at or to something

contemplate - v. to look carefully at

stunt - n. something that is done to get attention

posture - n. the attitude a person or group has toward a subject

undermine - v. to make someone or something weaker or less effective

embrace - n. the act of accepting something