2019年经济学人 伊斯兰银行:政变之后(1)（在线收听）

"It's like the Midas effect in reverse," says Badiul Majumdar of shujan, an anti-corruption pressure group.

“就像是倒放的米达斯效应一样，”反腐败压力群体shujan的Badiul Majumdar说到。

"Everything the government touches turns not to gold, but rather from gold to dust."

“政府碰过的一切事物都没变成金子，而是由金子变成了土。”

He is talking about Islami Bank Bangladesh, which was rocked in 2017 when the government

他说的是孟加拉国伊斯兰银行，2017年该银行受到震动，当时政府

sent military-intelligence operatives to force out senior executives and board members, and replaced them with figures more to its liking.

排除了军事情报特工把银行高管、董事会成员赶了出去，并将更符合政府偏好的人换了进去。

Fears that the boardroom coup would drag down a comparatively well-managed institution

通过政治干预和任人唯亲制度，部门内部形成了相对管理良好的制度，

in a sector marred by political meddling and cronyism now appear to have been justified.

人们对这一制度会被拖垮的担心，现在看来也是有道理的。

Established in 1983 as Bangladesh's first bank run on Islamic principles,

伊斯兰银行建于1983年，是孟加拉国首个依据伊斯兰原则运营的银行，

Islami thrived by handling a large share of remittances from emigrant workers and by lending to the booming garment industry.

通过处理大量移民工人的汇款以及向繁荣的服装行业借贷，该银行蓬勃发展。

Its troubles stem from its links with Jamaat-eIslami, Bangladesh's largest Islamist party,

它的麻烦源自它和孟加拉国最大伊斯兰政党伊斯兰大会党的关联，

which allied with Pakistan during the war of succession of 1971. One of the first acts of the current prime minister, Sheikh Hasina Wajed,

在1971年独立战争中，该政党与巴基斯坦结盟。现任总理谢赫·哈西娜·瓦吉德在2009年就职后

after taking office in 2009 was to set up a court to try war crimes. Leading figures from the Jamaat were sentenced to imprisonment or hanging.

的首项举措之一就是设立法庭审判战犯。来自扎马特组织的主要人物被判处监禁和绞刑。

If anything, it is surprising it took Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League eight years to go after Islami—

尽管如此，谢赫·哈西娜和她的人民联盟竟花了八年时间追击伊斯兰银行—

especially given allegations, including from America's government, that it was linked to terrorist organisations.

尤其是鉴于包括来自美国政府在内的指控称它和恐怖组织有联系。

(The bank has denied the accusations and an official investigation launched in 2017 has yet to publish anything.)

（该银行否认了这些指控并且2017年发起的一项官方调查仍未发表任何声明。）

A second purge last year replaced more suspected Jamaat sympathisers with government allies.

去年的第二次清洗将更多疑似扎马特的支持者换成了政府盟友。

Bangladesh's state-owned banks have always had government men on their boards and in management, who lend to their allies.

孟加拉国国有银行的董事会和管理层中一直有政府的人，他们会向他们的盟友借款。

"But now this is happening in private banks like Islami Bank, too,"

“但现在像伊斯兰银行这样的私营银行也在发生同样的事情，”

says Fahmida Khatun, the director of the Centre for Policy Dialogue, a think-tank in Dhaka.

达卡智囊团政策对话中心主任法赫米达·卡敦说到。

According to a report by Bangladesh's central bank, many of the loans Islami has granted have breached financial regulations.

根据孟加拉国中央银行的一份报告，伊斯兰银行批准的很多贷款都违反了财务条例。

The report highlighted loans to six companies belonging to Nassa Group, a giant of the garment industry,

该报告强调了贷给六家从属服装业巨头Nassa集团的贷款，

which it says were granted without taking the required collateral and ignoring the fact that there were several Nassa subsidiaries that had defaulted in the past.

报告表示这些贷款都没有收取必须的抵押物并且还忽视了一个事实—有几家Nassa子公司在过去存在违约行为。