2019年经济学人东方女性的崛起(1)（打印版）

东方女性的崛起(1)

The daughter rose in the East

东方女性的崛起

How China forged dozens of self-made female billionaires

中国如何造就数十位白手起家的女性亿万富翁

Dong mingzhu is the most visible face of female enterprise in China.

董明珠是中国最引人注目的女企业家。

The 64- year-old boss of Gree, the world's biggest maker of air-conditioners, is everywhere:

这位64岁的女性是全球最大空调制造商格力的老板，她的形象随处可见：

in television ads, on billboards and, last year, in two places at once—

在电视上、广告牌上，去年，她甚至同时出现在了两个地方—

jaywalking in the city of Ningbo while at Gree's headquarters in Zhuhai (police cameras mistakenly captured her visage plastered on a bus).

在宁波市，她被拍到闯红灯，同时她还出现在了格力珠海总部（警方监控误拍到贴在公交车上的她的照片）。

Ms Dong joined Gree as a door-to-door saleswoman in 1990, as a widow with an eight-year-old son.

丈夫去世后，董明珠独自带着8岁的儿子，1990年，她加入格力成为了一名上门推销员。

In 2012 she became its chairwoman. Although Gree has state roots, Ms Dong acts like a high-profile entrepreneur.

2012年，她成为格力董事长。虽然格力是国有控股，但董明珠行事却像一名高调的企业家。

Her life was the subject of a TV drama, and she has written two popular memoirs.

她的经历成为了一部电视剧的主题，而且她写了两部很受欢迎的回忆录。

Her steely, unglamorous image (a confessed penchant for skirts notwithstanding) inspires young women.

她朴实强硬的形象（尽管如此，她承认自己对裙子情有独钟）激励着年轻的女性。

Matters of gender bore her. Asked about her rise in a country run by men, she responds: "Men or women, few are up to the challenge."

性别问题让她感到厌烦。当被问及她在这个被男性统治的国家的崛起时，她回答：“无论男女，很少有人能胜任这项挑战。”

That may be so. But Ms Dong represents a generation of Chinese women who have climbed higher than their sisters in South Korea or Japan.

或许是如此，但董明珠代表了一代中国女性，她们比韩国或日本女性取得了更大的成功。

Fully 51 of the 89 self-made female billionaires on this year's Hurun Rich List, a Who's Who of the ultra-wealthy, are Chinese—

今年胡润富豪榜有89位女亿万富翁，其中51位是中国人—

well above China's 20% share of the world's women. Relative to population (one for every 13.4m Chinese females),

远高于中国女性在世界20%的占比。相较人口而言（每1340万中国女性中有一位），

that is not far off America's tally of 18 (one for every 9.1m). South Korea has one, Yoo Jung-hyun of Nexon, a gaming giant.

这个与美国的18位相差不远（每910万女性就有一位）。韩国上榜的只有一位—游戏巨头Nexon的金正宙。

Japan has none (Forbes reckons that Yoshiko Shinohara, who founded a temporary-staffing agency, became the first in 2017, aged 82).

日本没有（根据《福布斯》，人才派遣公司创始人82岁的筱原欣子在2017年成为日本首位白手起家的女性亿万富豪）。

China's include Wu Yajun, a property mogul with a $10bn fortune;

中国上榜的有地产大亨吴亚军，资产价值100亿美元；

Cheng Xue of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Company, known as "the soy-sauce queen";

佛山市海天调味食品股份有限公司的“酱油皇后”程雪；

and Li Haiyan and Shu Ping, co-founders of Haidilao, a chain of hotpot restaurants.

以及连锁火锅店海底捞联合创始人李海燕和舒萍。

Ms Dong, with a net worth of 3bn yuan ($440m), does not make Hurun's list.

拥有净资产30亿人民币（4.4亿美元）的董明珠没有上榜。

Why have they done so well?

为什么她们做得这么好？