VOA慢速英语2019 越南银行被要求评估环境和社会目标（在线收听）

For several years, the worldwide financial crisis that began in 2008 had little effect on Vietnam's banks. That is not because its banks were stronger than the U.S banks that created the crisis. It was mostly because of the country's lack of international trade.

始于2008年的全球金融危机多年来对越南的银行影响甚微。这是因为该国银行比造成这场危机的美国银行更为强大。这主要是因为越南缺少国际贸易。

But today, Vietnam does much more trade around the world. And the government is taking steps to make sure its banks can deal with a financial shock.

但是如今，越南在世界各地进行了更多的贸易。政府正在采取措施确保该国银行可以应对金融冲击。

The government, for example, is asking banks in Vietnam to look at environmental, social and governance risks, ESG, when considering credit risk. The State Bank of Vietnam says that every bank will create a unit for ESG analysis by 2025. ESG risk must be considered in all decisions.

例如，越南政府要求该国银行在考虑信贷风险时关注环境、社会和统治风险（以下简称ESG）。越南国家银行表示，在2025年前，各家银行都必须设立一个ESG分析的部门。在所有决策中都必须考虑到ESG风险。

Seventeen banks in Vietnam have set up these units to analyze the environmental and social effects of their lending. Twenty-five banks have made such analysis so far, the central bank said.

越南有17家银行已经设立了该部门来分析贷款的环境和社会影响。越南国家银行表示，截至目前已经有25家银行做过这类分析。

Nguyen Quoc Hung is a director of credit policies at the State Bank of Vietnam. Nguyen said Vietnamese banks are ready to create "sustainable finance," which is important for finding new business opportunities.

阮国雄是越南国家银行信贷政策总监。阮国雄表示，越南银行已经做好了建立“可持续金融”的准备，这对于寻找新的商业机会来说非常重要。

The push for banks and other businesses to consider their effects on the environment has created new expressions like "green finance" and "green bonds." Green finance means, for example, giving a loan to a business that provides wind power.

促使银行以及其它企业考虑他们对环境的影响已经创造出了“绿色金融”和“绿色债券”等新的表述。例如，绿色金融是指向提供风力发电的企业提供贷款。

Green finance is important to Vietnam; it considers itself one of the countries most threatened by the effects of climate change.

绿色金融对越南来说非常重要。该国自认为是受气候变换影响最大的国家之一。

The government is strengthening its banks because of its membership in the Sustainable Banking Network, SBN. That is a group of 38 developing countries pushing ESG rules. The World Bank's International Finance Corporation also supports the group.

越南政府正在增强该国银行的实力，因为其加入了可持续银行网络。这是一家包括38个推动ESG规定的发展中国家的组织。世界银行旗下的国际金融公司也支持该组织。

The 38 nations share ideas about green finance, said Imansyah. He is on the SBN working group. Like many Indonesians, he goes by one name.

伊曼瑟说，这38个国家对绿色金融有着相同的想法。伊曼瑟是可持续银行网络工作组成员。和许多印尼人一样，他只有名字没有姓氏。

"Sharing lessons and knowledge among members has been an important (way) to drive finance reforms," Imansyah said.

伊曼瑟表示：“在成员国之间分享经验和教训是推动金融改革的重要途径。”

His country, along with China, is among the leaders of the 38 countries. Both Indonesia and China have started using many of the planned ESG policies. These include government financial support for green investments.

他的国家印尼和中国一起，是这38个国家的领导者之一。印尼和中国都已经开始采用很多计划中的ESG政策。其中包括政府对绿色投资的财政支持。

Vietnam may soon be among the leading countries, too. A World Bank report said of the country, "Vietnam is one of the few SBN members to require (banks) to report the quantities and values of their green loans."

越南可能也很快会成为主要国家之一。世界银行关于该国的一份报告称：“越南是可持续银行网络少有的几个要求银行报告其绿色贷款的数量和价值的成员国之一。”

Considering the social value of loans is much harder to measure. But Vietnam's banks want to avoid the kind of risky loans that led to the near-collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2008.

考虑贷款的社会价值要更难衡量。但是越南的银行希望避免那种导致美国住房市场崩溃的高风险贷款。