2016年经济学人 黑手党雄踞一方 地盘争夺战悄然打响（在线收听）

Europe Mafias on the move

欧洲 黑手党正在扩张

Northward creep

罪恶之手伸向北方

In Italy Mafia-organised crime is no longer only a southern phenomenon

意大利黑手党犯罪不再局限于南部地区

TERRACINA is a sprawling town south of Rome, popular as a destination for beachside weekends. Rivarolo Canavese nestles in the shadow of the Alps north of Turin. It has Roman ruins, a handsome 14th-century castle and fewer than 12,000 inhabitants. Neither of these very different places is in the traditional, southern heartland of Italy’s mafias. Yet both have recently been tainted—and dramatically so—by organised crime.

TERRACINA是罗马南部的一个外延小镇，拥有非常出名的周末海滩。Rivarolo Canavese坐落于都灵的南部，阿尔卑斯山脚下，那儿还残留着古罗马的遗迹，矗立着14世纪风格的城堡还有不到12,000的人口。这些地方和意大利黑手党传统的南部中心地带截然不同，但最近，这两处地方都受到了组织犯罪污浊的侵蚀，且形势严峻。

In August Gaetano Marino, suspected to be a leading member of the Neapolitan Camorra, died when he was shot after being lured off a beach in Terracina on which families were relaxing in the sun. And earlier this year the inhabitants of Rivarolo Canavese learned that their town council had been put under direct central government control, following an investigation that found evidence of infiltration by the ‘Ndrangheta, the mafia of Calabria.

Gaetano Marino 被怀疑是那不勒斯卡莫拉党的头领，八月的一天他和家人在Terracina的海滩晒太阳，却被诱离海滩枪杀。此外，今年早些时候，Rivarolo Canavese的居民知悉市镇委员会改由中央政府直接管辖。因为此前一项调查发现了卡拉布里行省的‘Ndrangheta黑暗势力渗透的证据。

The fact that the ‘Ndrangheta, a crime syndicate born in the toe of the Italian boot, should be found in cahoots with local politicians in a town 60km (38 miles) from the French border is striking evidence of something that is gradually becoming clear: the mafia is no longer a southern phenomenon in Italy, but a national one.

‘Ndrangheta犯罪团伙起源于于靴型意大利版图的“脚趾头部位”。证据显示他们竟然与距离法国边界60公里（38英里）的一小镇的政客勾结。这一发现拨云见日：黑手党不再局限于南部意大利，已蔓延向全国。

Of the 22 local authorities disbanded last year because of alleged infiltration by organised crime, four were outside the south. What is happening along the coast near Rome is unclear. Some investigators fear a turf war may have started between local hoodlums and Camorra mobsters intent on expanding their influence.

去年有22个地方政权被遣散就是因为被指控受到组织犯罪的渗透，其中有四个地方不在南部地区。靠近罗马的沿海地区依旧迷雾重重，一些调查员担心一场地盘争夺战已经在身为地头蛇的当地暴徒和旨在拓展势力范围的卡莫拉组织之间展开。

Other crime syndicates have already tried to establish a presence in the capital. In 2007 Cosa Nostra was found to be running a money-laundering operation from premises cheekily situated opposite the office of the prime minister. Two years later one of Rome’s most famous bars, the Cafe de Paris on the leafy Via Veneto, was closed after it was discovered that it had become a front for the ‘Ndrangheta. (It has since re-opened and uses a variety of products and produce from firms that have been confiscated from mobsters.)

其他犯罪团伙甚至试图在首都发展其势力。在2007年，Cosa Nostra竟厚颜无耻地在首相府的对面建立洗钱基地。此事两年后，位于树木繁茂的威尼托区，一罗马著名酒吧 Cafe de Paris 被封，理由是该酒吧为‘Ndrangheta提供庇护。（此后，该酒吧又重新开张，使用的很多产品都由从匪帮收缴的公司生产。）

The situation in Italy’s north is clearer. It had long been known that criminals from the south had put down roots in the richest parts of the country. A well-intentioned, if misguided, policy dating from the 1950s led to the removal of many suspected mobsters from their areas of operation and their “obligatory sojourn” elsewhere in Italy under curfew.

意大利北部形式已逐渐明朗。南部罪犯植根于全国最富饶之地的事实早已为人所知。追溯到19世纪50年代的宵禁，政策本意虽好，但却是错的，这使得可疑匪帮离开原本活动范围来到意大利其他的“强制逗留地”。

Thanks to three recent and wide-ranging investigations, it is now clear that the ‘Ndrangheta not only has acquired an unrivalled ascendancy in the north, but that its presence and influence is far greater than had been suspected (or acknowledged by northern politicians). Police and prosecutors claim to have identified no fewer than 24 locali (‘Ndrangheta clans) in Lombardy, the wealthy region around Milan, and Piedmont, of which Turin is the capital.

正由于近期三项大范围的调查，情况现已清晰。‘Ndrangheta 的成长在北方无人能及，甚至他的势力已经远远超出估计（或者说超出北方政客的认识）。警察和检察官声称，在伦巴第、米兰附近富裕地区、以及以都灵为省会城市的皮得蒙，能够确定是locali（‘Ndrangheta 家族）的不下24人。

The first two investigations, which targeted Lombardy, led in November 2011 to the conviction of 110 defendants. The written judgment, published in June, is a profoundly unsettling document. It refers to more than 70 instances of suspected intimidation in and around the country’s financial capital involving “firearms, ammunition and, in some cases, explosives”. On September 18th, a 75-year old businessman was shot in the leg near Milan in what looked suspiciously like a mafia ambush.

前两项调查都在伦巴第展开，于2011年11月坐实了110名被告人的罪行。书面判决书在6月公布，着实让人不安。书中公布了逾70起发生在全国金融之都及周边地区的涉嫌恐吓犯罪行为，其中涉及枪支、弹药、甚至在一些案件中炸药的使用。9月18日，一名75岁商人在米兰附近被一枪射中大腿，怀疑是黑手党伏击。

The third investigation—Operation Minotaur, focused on Piedmont—led to the arrest of 172 people. It was this that prompted the disbanding of the council in Rivarolo Canavese. There, ‘Ndrangheta bosses are said to have worked with a local politician to get him elected to the European Parliament. One was overheard by investigators to boast proudly that he and his men could command 11,000 votes from towns in the Alpine foothills.

第三项调查代号“米诺陶行动”，聚焦于皮德蒙，协助逮捕了172名罪犯。正是由于这项调查，才加快了Rivarolo Canavese委员会的遣散。据说，在Rivarolo Canavese，Ndrangheta 的领导层与当地一名政客狼狈为奸，给政客投票使其进入欧洲议会。还有一件调查者无意中听到的事，一名黑帮高层自豪的吹嘘：在阿尔卑斯山麓区域，只要我一声令下，就有11000人为我投票。