VOA慢速英语2019 特朗普签署旨在打击美国大学反犹太主义的命令（在线收听）

Trump Signs Order Aimed at Fighting Anti-Semitism at US Colleges

TThis week, United States President Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at fighting anti-Semitism at universities and colleges across the country.

The measure interprets part of a U.S. civil rights law to include members "of a group that shares common religious practices." Part of the law bars discrimination based on race, color and national origin in federally-supported programs.

本周，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普签署了一项行政命令，旨在打击全国各大学的反犹太主义。

该措施将美国民权法的一部分解释为包括“具有共同宗教习俗的团体”的成员。部分法律禁止在联邦支持的计划中基于种族，肤色和原籍的歧视。

The Trump administration said it will, as a policy, extend protections under the law to Jewish people.

Some major Jewish organizations praised the action. They said it means that universities could lose federal money if they do not stop discrimination against Jews at their schools.

特朗普政府表示，作为一项政策，它将根据法律扩大对犹太人的保护。

一些主要的犹太组织赞扬了这一行动。他们说，这意味着如果大学不停止在学校对犹太人的歧视，他们可能会损失联邦资金。

Rabbi Abraham Cooper is with the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish rights organization. He said, "This is a very critically important move...that will set an environment wherein Jewish students who were targeted with anti-Semitism on university campuses in America will actually have...protection and recourse."

拉比·亚伯拉罕·库珀（Rabbi Abraham Cooper）在犹太人人权组织西蒙·维森塔尔中心（Simon Wiesenthal Center）工作。他说：“这是非常重要的一步，它将为美国大学校园中以反犹太主义为目标的犹太学生提供一个保护和追索的环境。”

Cooper added that he believed the issue had support in both major political parties. "This is not a Republican or a Democratic issue," he said.

Other Americans, however, said they were unsure about recognizing Jews as a national group.

库珀补充说，他认为这个问题得到了两个主要政党的支持。他说：“这不是共和党或民主党的问题。”

然而，其他美国人说，他们不确定是否承认犹太人是一个民族。

Moly Jong-Fast is a Jewish American writer and a critic of Trump. She says Jewishness is not a nationality. "I am an American because that's where I live," she said.

Jong-Fast told VOA that she believes Trump is, in her words, "very anti-Semitic."

Moly Jong-Fast是美国犹太裔作家，也是特朗普的批评家。她说犹太人不是国籍。她说：“我是美国人，因为那是我的住所。”

琼·法斯特告诉美国之音，她相信特朗普用她的话说是“非常反犹太人的”。

But Matt Brooks, president of the Republican Jewish Coalition, disagrees. He says Trump's executive order was meant to protect Jewish people. He said that some organizations and activists who oppose Trump are having a hard time explaining the president's "action to defend the Jewish Community from anti-Semitism."

但是共和党犹太联盟主席马特·布鲁克斯不同意。他说，特朗普的行政命令旨在保护犹太人。他说，一些反对特朗普的组织和激进主义者很难解释总统的“为捍卫犹太社区免受反犹太主义而采取的行动”。

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The executive order triggers Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. That law requires colleges and other educational organizations that receive federal money not to discriminate based on race, color or national origin.

Religion is not covered under the Civil Rights Act. Administration officials say they decided to interpret Judaism as a nationality so that violations at colleges could be punished.

行政命令触发了1964年《民权法案》第六章。该法律要求接受联邦政府资助的大学和其他教育组织不得基于种族，肤色或国籍而加以歧视。

《民权法》不涵盖宗教。政府官员说，他们决定将犹太教解释为国籍，以便对大学的违法行为进行惩罚。

Officials said that Hindu, Muslim and Sikh students already are protected from discrimination under Title VI of the law. They said that is because of the shared ancestry and ethnic qualities that each group has.

On Wednesday, President Trump signed the order at a ceremony marking the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah at the White House. He called the order "a very powerful document."

官员说，印度，穆斯林和锡克教的学生已经受到法律第六条的保护，免受歧视。他们说，这是因为每个群体都有共同的血统和种族特质。

周三，特朗普总统在白宫举行的纪念光明节犹太节日的仪式上签署了该命令。他称该命令为“非常有力的文件”。

Some opponents of the measure worry that it could limit freedom of speech at schools. They say it could be used to stop criticism of Israel's policies toward Palestinians.

Jermemy Ben Ami is president of J Street, a non-profit group that deals with Jewish issues. He said the executive order appears designed less to fight anti-Semitism than to limit free speech and hurt critics of Israel.

该措施的一些反对者担心，这可能会限制学校的言论自由。他们说，这可以用来制止批评以色列对巴勒斯坦人的政策。

杰米·本·阿米（Jermemy Ben Ami）是J Street（一家处理犹太人问题的非营利组织）的总裁。他说，行政命令的目的不是为了反犹太主义，而是为了限制言论自由和伤害以色列的批评者。

Also criticizing the order was the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel. It said the action will lead to abuse of federal funding to limit academic freedom and Palestinian rights.

The American Civil Liberties Union called the order unnecessary. It said the protection already exists under Title VI. The group's National Legal Director David Cole said, "The government cannot equate speech criticizing Israel with unlawful discrimination."

巴勒斯坦命令以色列的学术和文化抵制运动也批评了这一命令。它说，此举将导致滥用联邦资金来限制学术自由和巴勒斯坦权利。

美国公民自由联盟称该命令是不必要的。它说该保护已经在标题VI下存在。该组织的国家法律总监大卫·科尔说：“政府不能将批评以色列的言论等同于非法歧视。”

Anti-Israel feelings have increased at U.S. colleges and universities. The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement has organized events targeting the Jewish state. Some of those events have led to harassment of Jewish students.

在美国的大学中，对以色列的反感增加了。抵制，撤资和制裁运动组织了针对犹太国家的活动。其中一些事件导致了犹太学生的骚扰。

Words in This Story

Semitism – n. a policy or program designed to help Jews

interpret –v. to explain the meaning of something in a certain way

origin –n. the place where a person or group comes from

recourse –n. the ability to do something in order to deal with a problem or situation

trigger –v. to cause someone to behave in a certain way

academic – adj. of or related to a school or education

harassment –n. to bother someone in a repeated way over time