美国国家公共电台 NPR 美司法部监察长公布报告 通俄门调查无政治偏见（在线收听）

The FBI had every right to open its investigation into possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russia. That's the main conclusion from a report by the Justice Department's internal watchdog, Inspector General Michael Horowitz. And this conclusion directly contradicts President Trump's false claim that the investigation was politically motivated. But Horowitz also found serious shortcomings in how the bureau handled its surveillance of a former Trump campaign adviser. President Trump lashed out at FBI Director Christopher Wray this morning. He said Wray will, quote, "never be able to fix the FBI, which is badly broken." But it was James Comey who led the FBI in the early stages of the investigation into the Trump campaign. Yesterday, NPR's Ari Shapiro asked Comey how those mistakes happened.

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JAMES COMEY: I'm not sure. I've read the report. I think the inspector general found something like 17 separate mistakes. And that is really unfortunate and really important that he found them so they can be fixed. And that's a worthwhile part of any inspector general report. And so I don't want to step away from that. But I want to underscore — nothing was done with political bias or with improper motivation.

ARI SHAPIRO: So many errors entered into their surveillance petitions around Carter Page. If the FBI had this many mistakes even on a high-profile, politically sensitive case, do you think there's a broader problem with FBI agents taking a cavalier attitude to eavesdropping on Americans?

COMEY: I don't. I think there is a problem with human beings working hard and making assumptions and not realizing that other people are making different assumptions. They make mistakes, but they are good people, well-overseen and checked.

MARTIN: All right. For more on the implications of the Horowitz report, we're joined by NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas. Thanks for coming in, Ryan.

RYAN LUCAS, BYLINE: Thank you.

MARTIN: There was a lot of buildup to this report — a lot of people looking for their own vindication from this. Explain more about what the inspector general said here.

LUCAS: So this is a 400-plus-page report. So there's a lot in it — some good for the FBI, some bad. But two of the big takeaways are that the FBI had sufficient evidence to open its investigation into possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russia. And the inspector general found no evidence of political bias in the decision to launch that investigation. And those two findings are a big deal. They contradict, as you said, the allegation from some conservatives that the investigation was driven by political hostility against Trump.

But there were also some very serious problems with the FBI's investigation, as we heard in that clip from Ari and Comey at the top. That relates to the FBI's surveillance of former Trump campaign foreign policy adviser Carter Page. The inspector general documents 17 significant inaccuracies or omissions in the FBI's applications to get court approval for surveillance on Page. Leaving that information out, according to the inspector general, made the case for surveillance look stronger than it actually was.

MARTIN: So here we are in the middle of an impeachment inquiry. The House is expected to lay out their articles of impeachment today. It's a highly polarized time. I mean, that's like the understatement of the year. So how did Democrats and Republicans respond to this report?

LUCAS: So on the political front, the sides very much just retreated to their respective corners. The president described the findings as being far worse than he thought possible. He said the investigation amounted to essentially a coup. Unsurprisingly, the top Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, Jerry Nadler, had a very different interpretation of this report. He said that it debunks deep state conspiracy theories.

Internally — within the Justice Department, the response to the report has varied. FBI Director Chris Wray said the bureau accepts the inspector general's findings. He says he's ordered steps to be taken to address the report's recommendations. That includes changes to the FBI's surveillance practices.

Attorney General William Barr, on the other hand, released a pretty scathing statement that in many ways pushes back against some of the report's central conclusions. He called — Barr called the FBI's investigation intrusive, and he said that it was based on, quote, "the thinnest of suspicions." And in his view, he said those suspicions were insufficient to justify the steps that were taken.

MARTIN: So now — I mean, Attorney General Barr, not only has he released this statement under — calling into question the IG's conclusions, he's actually launched his own investigation. He asked that U.S. Attorney John Durham launch an investigation into this very thing. How is this different than what the Horowitz report was looking at?

LUCAS: So Durham is investigating similar issues to Horowitz but is understood to be looking at U.S. spy agencies and foreign intelligence services, as well. He's been traveling internationally to meet with foreign intelligence officials. He and the attorney general have enlisted the president's help to try to open doors for Durham overseas.

Now, Durham released his own statement yesterday, and that's a rarity because he's known for being very tight-lipped. And what Durham said was that, based on the evidence that he's collected so far in his investigation, he disagrees with some of the inspector general's conclusions, particularly about how the FBI opened this investigation.

MARTIN: Even though he's not even done with his own investigation.

LUCAS: It's still ongoing.

MARTIN: So it was pretty exceptional to have released that. NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas, thank you. We appreciate it.

LUCAS: Thank you.

美国联邦调查局完全有理由就特朗普竞选团队与俄罗斯之间可能存在的关系展开调查。这是美国司法部内部监督机构监察长迈克尔·霍洛维茨所发布报告得出的主要结论。这一结论直接驳斥了特朗普总统称这项调查具有政治动机的虚假言论。但霍洛维茨也发现，联邦调查局在监视前特朗普竞选团队顾问的方式上存在严重不足。今天上午，特朗普总统抨击了联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷。他说，雷将“永远不能修正联邦调查局，因为该机构已经遭到严重破坏。”但在针对特朗普竞选团队的调查初期，领导联邦调查局的是詹姆斯·科米。昨天，NPR新闻的阿里·夏皮罗询问了科米这些错误是如何发生的。

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詹姆斯·科米：我不确定。我看了报告。我认为监察长发现了大概17处不同的错误。这非常不幸，但同时也很重要，因为他发现了错误，所以他们能改正错误。在任何监察长报告中，这都是重要内容。因此，我不想回避这个问题。但我同时想强调一下，不存在任何政治偏见或不当动机。

阿里·夏皮罗：他们在涉及卡特·佩吉的监视请求上存在很多错误。如果联邦调查局在高级别政治敏感案件上都会犯下这么多错误，那你认为会不会存在更普遍的问题，联邦调查局特工在监视美国民众方面是否采取了漫不经心的态度？

科米：我并不这样认为。我承认的确存在问题，努力工作的人作出了假设，但并没有意识到其他人作出了不同的假设。他们犯了错误，但他们是好人，监管负责，也经过了检查。

马丁：好。下面我们来连线NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯，了解霍洛维茨报告的详细意义。谢谢你，瑞安。

瑞安·卢卡斯连线：谢谢。

马丁：这项报告的准备过程非常漫长，许多人希望能证明自己的清白。请详细解释一下监察长说了什么。

卢卡斯：这份报告长达400多页。里面包含很多内容，部分对联邦调查局有利，部分不利。但其中两个主要内容是，联邦调查局有充足的证据就特朗普竞选团队与俄罗斯之间可能存在的关系展开调查。监察长发现，没有证据表明启动调查的决定存在政治偏见。这两个发现非常重要。如你所说，这些发现驳斥了部分保守人士的说法，这些人认为这项针对特朗普的调查是政治敌意驱动的。

但就如我们刚才从阿里和科米的录音中所听到的，联邦调查局的调查也存在非常严重的问题。这与联邦调查局对前特朗普竞选团队的外国政策顾问卡特·佩吉的监视有关。监察长证明，联邦调查局在申请监视佩吉的法庭许可上存在17处重要错误或遗漏。监察长表示，遗漏信息使监视理由看上去比实际情况更为有力。

马丁：现在弹劾调查正在进行中。预计众议院将于今天公布弹劾条款。现在是高度分化时期。这可能是本年度最保守的说法。民主党和共和党对这份报告作何回应？

卢卡斯：从政治方面来看，两党都退回了各自的“大营”。总统称这一发现比他设想的要糟糕得多。他说这项调查从本质上说相当于政变。不出意外，众议院司法委员会民主党领袖杰里·纳德勒对这份报告有着截然不同的解释。他说这揭示了深刻的国家阴谋理论。

司法部内部对这项报告的反应有所不同。联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷表示，该局接受监察长的调查结果。他说他已下令采取措施，研究报告提出的建议。包括对联邦调查局的监视做法做出更改。

另一方面，司法部长威廉·巴尔发布了一份严厉训斥声明，这份声明在许多方面都反对报告得出的部分中心结论。巴尔称联邦调查局的调查具有侵入性，他称该调查以“最薄弱的怀疑”为证据。他认为这些怀疑不足以成为采取措施的理由。

马丁：司法部长巴尔不仅发表声明质疑监察长的结论，而且还启动了自己的调查。他要求美国检察官约翰·达勒姆针对这一事件展开调查。那这项调查与霍洛维茨报告关注的情况会有何不同？

卢卡斯：达勒姆正在调查的问题与霍洛维茨调查的类似，但据了解，前者的调查着眼于美国情报机构以及外国情报服务。他一直来往于各国，与外国情报官员会面。他和司法部长争取到了总统的帮助，试图为达勒姆在海外的活动打开大门。

达勒姆昨天也发表了声明，这是非常罕见的情况，因为他以守口如瓶而闻名。达勒姆在声明中表示，依据他目前在调查中所收集到的证据，他不同意监察长的部分结论，尤其是涉及联邦调查局如何开展调查的内容。

马丁：尽管他甚至还没完成调查。

卢卡斯：对，他的调查仍在进行中。

马丁：因此他发表这样的声明是极为不同寻常的情况。以上是NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯带来的报，谢谢你。非常感谢。

卢卡斯：谢谢。