时代周刊 新一轮核游戏 成败在此一举(5)（在线收听）

The new warhead, known as a tactical nuclear weapon,

这种被称为战术型核武器的新型弹头

would be delivered by a submarine-launched missile against an advancing army.

将被安装到潜射发射的导弹上对前进的军队发射。

It differs from a strategic weapon, which is designed to destroy cities and hardened military targets.

这种武器与旨在摧毁城市和顽固的军事目标的战略核武器不同。

America needs battlefield nukes, the Trump team says, to match and deter adversaries’ tactical arsenals.

特朗普团队表示，美国需要战场型核武器来配合和威慑对手的战术武库。

In an escalating fight with Russia or China,

在与俄罗斯或中国不断升级的斗争中，

the U.S. military could engage in a “limited nuclear war”

美国军方可能会参与“有限的核战争”，

rather than leveling whole cities with strategic weapons.

而不是用战略武器将大量城市夷为平地。

Air Force General Paul Selva, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, tells TIME the President needs options.

空军将军兼参谋长联席会议副主席保罗·塞尔瓦向本刊透露，总统需要选择。

Trump and his successors should not face a choice between killing millions of civilians or backing down, he says.

他说，特朗普和他的继任者不应该面临杀害数百万平民还是退缩的选择。

“It makes people uncomfortable to hear about nuclear war–fighting

塞尔瓦说：“听到有关核战争的消息

and presenting options to the President, whomever that person might be,” Selva says.

或者向总统——无论总统是谁——提供选择的消息，民众都会感到不适。”

“Strategic stability in the world between our nuclear competitors and our nuclear peers has been assumed.

“假定在核问题上，我们的竞争者和我们的同行采取的战略都具有稳定性。

It is not a birthright.”

这并非与生俱来的权利。”

Trump’s new plan also expands the President’s “first use” of nuclear weapons

特朗普的新计划还将总统对核武器的“首次使用”

to circumstances that include “nonnuclear strategic attacks” against the U.S. or its allies.

延伸到包括针对美国或其盟友的“非核战略袭击”的情况。

That could mean cyberattacks on nuclear command and control systems or civilian infrastructure,

这可能意味着出现针对核武器指挥控制系统或民用基础设施的网络攻击，

like the electricity grid or air-traffic-control system, armscontrol experts have concluded.

如电网或空中交通管制系统，武器控制专家如是总结到。

Previous Administrations limited the threat of a nuclear response to mass-casualty events,

此前，各届政府都将核武器的应用限制在了受到大规模伤亡威胁的情形，

like chemical- and biological-weapon attacks.

如遇到化学武器或生物武器袭击。

Stephen Schwartz, a nuclear weapons policy expert,

核武器政策专家史蒂芬施瓦茨说，

said the key concern is the expansion of the nuclear umbrella to “include these new and not extreme possibilities,

关键的问题是将核保护伞扩大到“覆盖这些新出现但并不极端的可能性，

thus dramatically lowering the threshold for nuclear use.”

从而大大降低核用途的门槛。”

The Trump plan also takes a new, skeptical approach to nuclear arms-control agreements.

特朗普计划对核武器控制协议也采取了一种新的怀疑态度。

In the 2018 Pentagon budget, Trump included funding for the development of a new missile.

在2018年五角大楼预算中，特朗普将纳入了开发新型导弹的资金。

If tested or deployed, the missile would violate a 30-year-old arms-control pact with Russia,

如果对其进行测试或部署，该导弹就违反了美国和俄国订立的一项有效期长达30年的军控协议——

the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.

中程核武（INF）条约。

Unlike his predecessors, Trump is directly confronting Russia’s prior violation of the treaty,

与前任总统们不同，特朗普对俄罗斯先违反条约的行为进行了直接对抗，

says David Trachtenberg, Defense Undersecretary for Policy, who helped oversee the new plan.

协助监督新计划的国防部副部长戴维·特劳滕伯格说。

“The world is not as benign as some hoped it would be,” he says.

“世界并不像某些人希望的那样美好，”他说。