时代周刊 西方国家在解决罗兴亚危机中扮演了何等角色?(1)（在线收听）

The West’s role in fixing the Rohingya crisis

西方国家在解决罗兴亚危机中扮演了何等角色?

By Bill Richardson

文/比尔·理查森

There is something rotten in Myanmar.

缅甸有东西腐烂了。

About 700,000 Rohingya, a Muslim minority, have fled the nation’s coastal state of Rakhine to Bangladesh, in order to escape the military.

近70万名罗兴亚人，一个穆斯林少数族群，逃离该国沿海邦国若开邦，前往孟加拉国，以逃离军队的镇压。

At least 6,700 Rohingya were killed in one month alone, estimates Doctors Without Borders.

据无国界医生们估计，仅一个月时间，就有至少6700名罗兴亚人被害。

U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has called it an ethnic cleansing; others suspect even worse.

美国国务卿雷克斯·蒂勒森称缅甸军方的行动实为种族清洗;其他人怀疑问题的严重程度还不止于此。

While Myanmar’s de facto leader, Aung San SuuKyi, does not have control of the military,

缅甸的实际领导人昂山素季并无统领军队之权，

she has failed to show moral leadership and a willingness to listen to frank advice.

但她既没有展示出道德领导能力，也没有表现出愿意倾听坦率建议的意愿。

What, then, can the West do?

既然如此，西方国家能做什么？

The space to help Myanmar correct course is narrow and shrinking, although a few imperfect options exist.

帮助缅甸走上正轨的空间本就不大，如今还在继续缩小，尽管的确存在一些不尽如人意的选择。

The international community will need to strike a balance between punishing Myanmar—however symbolically—and convincing the nation of its genuine desire to help.

国际社会需要在惩罚缅甸 —— 无论惩罚地多么表面 —— 与说服缅甸相信国际社会衷心愿意帮助他们两者之间取得平衡。

At a minimum,Western governments should impose targeted sanctions against military officials for human-rights abuses.

最低限度，西方国家的政府将制裁那些侵犯人权的缅甸军官。

(Broad-based economic sanctions are blunt tools that should be used only as a last resort.)

（全面经济制裁这种直接工具不到万不得已不可随便实行。）

Meanwhile, donor governments and humanitarian agencies should withhold both political and financial support to the hastily planned repatriation process for refugees in Bangladesh—

与此同时，在对匆忙制定的遣返孟加拉国难民的计划予以政治和资金支持时，西方政府和人道主义组织应该有所保留 -

unless Myanmar can ensure that returns are safe, voluntary, dignified and sustainable.

除非缅甸能够确保他们的支持能得到安全、自愿、体面且可持续的回报。

Less scrupulous donors may undercut such an approach,

顾虑不那么多的捐助者可能会削弱这种做法，

but that is insufficient justification for propping up the structures that fostered the current crisis.

但光凭这一点就支持酿成今日危机的各大祸根也难以服人。

Pulling out completely, however, would be counterproductive.

然而，完全撤出支援又会适得其反。

Myanmar would retrench further and toward neighbors like China,

因为那样一来缅甸就会进一步向中国等周边国家撤退，

which are keen for influence but whose approaches in Rakhine could spark further violence.

这些国家都巴不得能壮大自己的势力，然而，他们对若开邦一事的处理方式可能引发更多暴力。

Efforts to document what has occurred may provide opportunities to hold perpetrators accountable or help facilitate future reconciliation,

追踪事件前因后果的辛勤努力或许能为追究此事的罪魁祸首提供一些线索，或者为促成缅甸军方和罗兴亚人未来的和解创造一些机会，

and the West should encourage a joint investigation with Myanmar into human-rights abuses and the mass graves discovered in Rakhine.

西方国家应该鼓励与缅甸进行联合调查，深入调查人权侵犯问题和在若开邦发现的乱葬坑问题。