时代周刊:贻害全球的保护主义(2)（在线收听）

Beyond that, rising trade tariffs and protectionism will increase prices of imported products.

除此之外，贸易关税不断上涨，贸易保护主义不断强化还会抬高进口产品的价格。

This will undercut the actual value of wages' being forced higher by a relatively closed economy with reduced movement of labor.

这样一来，经济相对封闭、劳动力流动减少导致工资被迫上涨这一变化的实际意义就会打折。

According to the International Labour Organization,

而国际劳工组织的统计数据显示，

there are approximately 66 million people between the ages of 18 and 24 who are out of work around the world.

全球年龄在18~24岁之间的失业人员就有将近6600万。

That labor imbalance is particularly pronounced when you consider that there is an aging population in the West and Japan,

考虑到西方国家和日本存在老龄化问题，许多发展中国家25岁以下的人口比例却高达70%，

while across many developing nations as much as 70% of the population is under the age of 25.

这一劳动力不均衡的问题便显得尤为显著。

A global policy that targets an optimal migration level could help businesses tap the world's entire labor market for talent and workers—

面向最优移民水平的国际政策有助于企业利用全世界的劳动力市场招聘人才和员工——

and help stave off steep inflation in the future.

并在未来帮助避免出现急剧的通货膨胀。

The final shift is that governments will likely favor national champions—

最后一个转变是各国政府会变得倾向于青睐本土冠军企业——

companies that enjoy regulatory protections, tax breaks and subsidies that offer an advantage in their home markets against foreign competitors.

也就是那些享受着在国内市场为与外国企业竞争的本土企业创造优势的监管保护、税收优惠和税收补贴等政策扶持的企业。

What results are corporate monopolies rather than competitive markets,

这种转变带来的不是竞争性市场，而是企业垄断，

where the government becomes a bigger arbiter of who wins and who loses.

谁赢谁输的决定权很大程度上就落到了政府的手里。

Ultimately, these companies gain outsize pricing power,

这些本土冠军企业终将获得极大的定价权，

which promotes larger and less efficient companies while disadvantaging consumers.

他们不仅会提拔规模更大效率却更低的公司，还会将消费者置于不利处境。

PUBLIC POLICY has not allowed full globalization a genuine chance to “lift all boats.”

国家政策并没有给全面全球化一个真正去“普渡众生”的机会。

For example, U.S. politicians should have backed a big investment agenda in infrastructure, schools and skills

举个例子，美国的政治家们本应该支持大力投资基础设施、学校和技能等领域，

to usher in a new economic era on the back of the wealth earned from globalization.

用全球化给他们带来的财富开创一个经济新时代。

Instead, it continued to provide low-interest loans to middle America, especially to support homeownership;

相反，它继续在走给中产阶级提供各种低息贷款，尤其是住房贷款的老路，

these debt programs gave people the illusion that their livelihoods were improving

这些贷款则会给人们造成一种生活水平已经有所改善的错觉，

even as their wages were falling and debt obligations were rising.

而事实上，他们不仅工资在缩水，债务还在增加。

And politicians around the world should have ceded real power and authority to global institutions, like the World Trade Organization,

此外，世界各地的政治家们本应把实权和权威都让给世贸组织这样的国际性机构，

which are still superseded by the policy agendas of national governments

事实上，这些机构反被各国政府的政策纲领顶替了，

and thus struggle to implement an agenda that benefits everyone across the earth.

因此，它们要推行一项惠及全球的议程会十分艰难。

While the current proposed protectionist policies are understandably appealing in the short term,

综上所述，从短期来看，当前提出的保护主义政策的确很有吸引力，

they stand to limit growth for companies and countries.

但它们终将限制企业和国家的发展。

Left unchecked, the result will be more destruction of the global economy and greater despair

任其发展，全球经济只会遭受更严重的破坏，

as well as unrest, conflict, corruption and a sense of utter hopelessness worldwide.

国际社会只会陷入更深的动荡、冲突、腐败，绝望和无助。