纽约时报 基因编辑婴儿风波后续 贺建奎前导师遭调查(3)（在线收听）

That meant obtaining ethical approval from the equivalent of American institutional review boards (known as I.R.B.s),

这就意味着要拿到职能相当于美国机构审查委员会(IRB)的中国有关方面的伦理审批，

Dr. Quake advised, as well as getting informed consent from the couples participating

奎克建议称，还要获得参与这项实验的那对夫妇的知情同意，

and only editing genes to address a serious medical need.

并且只能是为了解决某个严重的医疗需求才采取编辑基因这一措施。

“I didn’t think it was something he would seriously do,” said Dr. Quake,

“我以为这种事他是不会来真的的，”奎克说，

adding that he assumed if Dr. He sought ethical approval and was rebuffed, “presumably he’d stop.”

接着，他说，他以为要是贺建奎在申请伦理审批的时候吃了闭门羹，“或许他就会就此收手。”

Soon afterward, Dr. He emailed:

没过多久，贺建奎就又发来邮件说：

“I will take your suggestion that we will get a local ethic approve before we move on to the first genetic edited human baby.

“我接受您的建议，在项目启动前先获得当地的审批。

Please keep it in confidential.”

请保密。”

In June 2017, Dr. He, nicknamed JK, emailed a document saying a hospital ethics committee had approved his proposal,

2017年6月，外号“JK”的贺建奎给奎克发了份文件，称某医院伦理委员会已经通过了他的方案，

in which he boasted that his plan could be compared to Nobel-winning research.

在那个方案中，他还夸口称自己的项目能够和诺贝尔奖研究想媲美。

“It was good to see that he had engaged with his I.R.B.-equivalent there and had approval to do his research,

“我很高兴看到他联系了中国那边的IRB，拿到开展研究的审批，

and I’m thinking it’s their responsibility to manage this,” Dr. Quake said in the interview.

我认为，管理这个项目是他们的责任，”奎克在接受采访时表示。

“If in my interactions with JK I had any hint of misconduct, I would have handled it completely differently.

“如果我在跟JK联系的过程中觉察到了任何行为不端的迹象，我肯定会做出截然不同的反应。

And I think I would have been very aggressive about telling people about that.”

而且，我觉得，我肯定会非常积极地告诉大家这件事情的。”

As a postdoctoral adviser to Dr. He and other students, Dr. Quake considered his role to be mentorship.

作为何博士和其他学生的博士后导师，奎克认为自己的职责就是给他们指导。

Dr. He’s work in his lab did not involve gene editing; it concerned immune responses to the flu vaccine.

贺博士在奎克实验室的研究跟基因编辑并没有关系；那时他研究的是免疫系统对流感疫苗的反应。

Dr. He was “bright and ambitious,” Dr. Quake said,

贺博士“性情开朗，很有抱负，”奎克说，

but “he was, I felt, always in too much of a hurry and I, you know, worried that he was a sort that would cut corners a little bit.”

但“我感觉他经常都太急于求成了，我担心他是那种投机取巧的人。”

After leaving for the university job in China in 2012,

2012年离开实验室去中国那所大学任教后，

Dr. He sought Dr. Quake’s help with starting a company based on a genome-sequencing technique Dr. Quake had invented.

贺找过奎克帮忙，因为他想借助奎克研发的基因组测序技术成立一家公司。

Dr. Quake, whose American firm selling that technique had gone bankrupt,

奎克在美国也成立了这样一家公司，只是已经倒闭了，

made introductions that helped Dr. He license patents for his company, Direct Genomics.

于是，奎克帮忙引见贺建奎，让他拿到了注册“瀚海基因生物”的相关专利。

Dr. Quake visited in 2015 but eventually declined an offer to serve on the company’s scientific advisory board.

2015年，奎克去该公司参观了一番，但最终拒绝了出任该公司科学顾问委员的邀请。

In Dr. He’s 2017 correspondence, he said he would be editing a gene called CCR5,

在2017年的信件中，贺建奎表示，他将对“CCR5”这一基因进行编辑，

altering a mutation that allows people to become infected with H.I.V.

改变这种会使人感染HIV病毒的基因突变。

Many scientists have since argued it was medically unnecessary

一直以来，很多科学家都称这么做在医学上并无必要，

because babies of H.I.V.-positive parents can be protected other ways.

因为父母为艾滋病携带者的婴儿可通过其他方式获得保护。

Dr. Quake said he believed there was not scientific consensus about that.

奎克称，他认为，在这一点上，科学界并未达成共识。