纽约时报 叙利亚酷刑监狱 阿萨德镇压异见人士的血腥手段(2)（在线收听）

Detainees have recently smuggled out warnings that hundreds are being sent to an execution site, Saydnaya Prison,

被拘留者最近偷偷传出警告，数百人即将被送往行刑地点德纳亚监狱，

and newly released prisoners report that killings there are accelerating.

新近释放的囚犯也报告说，德纳亚监狱正在加快杀戮的步伐。

Kidnappings and killings by the Islamic State captured more attention in the West,

尽管西方更关注的是伊斯兰国在叙利亚实施的绑架和杀戮，

but the Syrian prison system has vacuumed up many more times the number of people detained by ISIS in Syria.

但叙利亚监狱系统消灭的人数堪称ISIS关押人数的数倍。

Government detention accounts for around 90 percent of the disappearances tallied by the Syrian Network.

“叙利亚网络”统计的失踪人数中，被政府拘留的人数占到了近90%。

The Syrian government has denied the existence of systematic abuse.

叙利亚政府则否认其存在系统性虐待行为。

However, newly discovered government memos show that

然而，最新发现的政府备忘录显示，

Syrian officials who report directly to Mr. al-Assad ordered mass detentions and knew of atrocities.

直接向阿萨德汇报的叙利亚官员曾下令实施大规模拘留，而且，对拘留期间的那些暴行他也是知情的。

War crimes investigators with the nonprofit Commission for International Justice and Accountability

非营利组织“国际司法与问责委员会”的战争罪行调查员们

have found government memos ordering crackdowns and discussing deaths in detention.

找到了政府下令镇压以及讨论拘留期间死亡情况的备忘录。

The memos were signed by top security officials,

备忘录是由数位高级安全官员，

including members of the Central Crisis Management Committee, which reports directly to Mr. al-Assad.

包括直接向阿萨德汇报的中央危机管理委员会的成员签署的。

A military intelligence memo acknowledges deaths from torture and filthy conditions.

一份军事情报备忘录承认，的确有人死于酷刑和监狱环境过于肮脏。

Other memos report deaths of detainees,

还有一些备忘录报告了被拘留者的死亡情况，

some later identified among photos of thousands of prisoner corpses smuggled out by a military police defector.

有一部分死者后来被从一名宪兵叛逃者偷运出的数千具囚犯尸体的照片中辨认了出来。

Two memos authorize “harsh” treatment of specific detainees.

还有两份备忘录是批准“严厉”对待某些被拘留者的。

A memo from the head of military intelligence, Rafiq Shehadeh, suggests that officials feared future prosecution:

一份来自军事情报负责人Rafiq Shehadeh的备忘录显示，（安全）官员们担心未来会被起诉：

It orders officers to report all deaths to him and take steps to ensure “judicial immunity” for security officials.

在备忘录中，Shehadeh命令军官们向他报告所有死亡情况，还命令他们采取措施确保安全官员们享有“司法豁免权”。

In an interview in his office in an Ottoman palace in Damascus in 2016,

2016年，阿萨德在大马士革奥斯曼帝国宫殿的办公室接受采访时，

Mr. al-Assad cast doubt on the truthfulness of survivors and the families of the missing.

对幸存者和失踪者家属所言的真实性表示怀疑。

Asked about specific cases, he said, “Are you talking allegations or concrete?”

当被问及具体案件时，他说，“你说的是指控还是确有其事的事情？”

and suggested that relatives had lied when they said they saw security officers haul away loved ones.

他还暗示，那些亲属说他们看到安全人员带走了他们的所爱之人是在撒谎。

Any abuses, he said, were isolated mistakes unavoidable in a war.

他说，任何虐待都是战争中不可避免但彼此并无关联的错误。

“It happened here, all over the world, anywhere,” he has said. “But it’s not a policy.”

“不仅这里，全世界任何地方都发生过这种情况，”他说。“并不是政府的政策。”

Over seven years, The New York Times has interviewed dozens of survivors and relatives of dead and missing detainees,

过去七年里，《纽约时报》采访了数十名幸存者以及死者和失踪囚犯的亲属，

reviewed government documents detailing prison deaths and crackdowns on dissent,

查阅了详述了监狱死亡和镇压异见人士情况的政府文件，

and examined hundreds of pages of witness testimony in human rights reports and court filings.

还审查了人权报告和法庭文件用过的数百页的证人证词。

The survivors’ accounts reported here align with accounts from other prisoners held in the same jails,

本文报道的幸存者的叙述与同一监狱中其他囚犯的叙述一致，

and are supported by the government memos and by photos smuggled out of Syrian prisons.

政府备忘录和从叙利亚那些监狱流出来的照片也能作证。

The prison system was integral to Mr. al-Assad’s war effort,

阿萨德在这场战争中取得的成果——

crushing the civil protest movement and driving the opposition into an armed conflict it could not win.

镇压公民抗议运动，将反对派推入他们无法获胜的武装冲突跟他的监狱系统是密不可分的。