纽约时报 叙利亚酷刑监狱 阿萨德镇压异见人士的血腥手段(4)（在线收听）

Over two decades, around 17,000 detainees disappeared into a system

过去20年间，有大约1.7万名在押人员消失在这个

with a torture repertoire that borrowed from French colonialists, regional dictators and even Nazis:

用从法国殖民者、地区独裁者甚至纳粹——逃亡的纳粹高级长官阿道夫·艾希曼的助手阿洛伊斯·布伦纳曾担任过该系统的安全顾问——

Its security advisers included Adolf Eichmann’s fugitive aide Alois Brunner.

那里借鉴来的酷刑技巧打造起来的拘留系统中。

When Bashar al-Assad succeeded his father in 2000, he kept the detention system in place.

阿萨德2000年继位时将这一拘留制度保留了下来。

Each of Syria’s four intelligence agencies — military, political, air force and state security — has local branches across Syria.

叙利亚的四类情报机构——军事、政治、空军和国家安全四类——都在叙利亚各地设有分支机构。

Most have their own jails.

他们大都有自己的监狱。

CIJA has documented hundreds of them.

以色列和犹太教事务中心的档案就提到了数百个这种监狱。

It was the detention and torture of several teenagers in March 2011, for scrawling graffiti critical of Mr. al-Assad,

2011年3月，几名青少年因用涂鸦批判阿萨德遭到了拘留和严刑拷打，

that pushed Syrians to join the uprisings then sweeping Arab countries.

导致叙利亚人加入当时已经席卷了多个阿拉伯国家的起义的就是此事。

Demonstrations protesting their treatment spread from their hometown, Dara’a, leading to more arrests, which galvanized more protests.

民众们发起了游行示威活动，抗议他们遭受的待遇，活动从德拉逐渐蔓延，引发了更多的人被捕，继而又引发了更多的抗议活动。

A flood of detainees from all over Syria joined the existing dissidents at Saydnaya Prison.

来自叙利亚各地的被拘留者被大批大批地投进了塞德纳亚监狱，和之前已经关在那里的异见人士为伍。

The new detainees ranged “from the garbageman to the peasant to the engineer to the doctor, all classes of Syrians,” said Riyad Avlar,

新被拘留的人“包括从清洁工、农民、工程师到医生的叙利亚各个阶层的人”，里亚德·阿夫拉说道。

a Turkish citizen who was held for 20 years after being arrested in 1996,

里亚德是一名土耳其公民，1996年，时年19岁并且还是学生的他

as a 19-year-old student, for interviewing Syrians about a prison massacre.

因为采访了叙利亚人对一场监狱大屠杀的看法被捕，迄今为止他已经被关押了20年。

Torture increased, he said;

他说，酷刑越来越残忍了，

the newcomers were sexually assaulted, beaten on the genitals, and forced to beat or even kill one another.

新来的人会被性侵，其生殖部位也会被殴打，还有被迫殴打其他人甚至互相残杀。

No one knows exactly how many Syrians have passed through the system since;

没有人确切知道自那以来有多少叙利亚人经历过这个系统；

rights groups estimate hundreds of thousands to a million.

人权组织估计这一数据在几十万到一百万之间。

Damascus does not release prison data.

大马士革没有公布监狱的数据。

By all accounts, the system overflowed.

人人都说，这个系统已经人满为患了。

Some political detainees landed in regular prisons.

一些政治犯被关在了普通监狱。

Security forces and pro-government militias created uncounted makeshift dungeons at schools, stadiums, offices, military bases and checkpoints.

安全部队和亲政府民兵还在学校、体育场、办公室、军事基地和检查站建造了数不清的临时地牢。

The Syrian Network’s tally of 127,916 people currently caught in the system is probably an undercount.

据叙利亚网络统计，目前被抓到了这个系统中的人数有12.7916万人，事实可能不止这么多。

The number, a count of arrests reported by detainees’ families and other witnesses,

因为这一数据是从拘留者家属和其他目击者报告的逮捕人数统计出来的，

does not include people later released or confirmed dead.

并不包括后来获释或确认死亡的人。

Because of government secrecy, no one knows how many have died in custody,

由于政府的保密，并没有人知道到底有多少人在拘留期间死亡，

but thousands of deaths were recorded in memos and photographs.

但各种备忘录和照片显示至少有数千人。

A former military police officer, known only as Caesar to protect his safety, had the job of photographing corpses.

一名前宪兵军官，为了保护他的安全，我们只知道他叫凯撒，是负责给尸体拍照的。

He fled Syria with pictures of at least 6,700 corpses, bone-thin and battered, which shocked the world when they emerged in 2014.

后来，他带着至少6700具尸体的照片逃出了叙利亚，2014年那些骨瘦如柴，伤痕累累的尸体照片在被曝光时，全世界都惊呆了。

But he also photographed memos on his boss’s desk reporting deaths to superiors.

但他也拍下了老板办公桌上向上级汇报死亡情况的那些备忘录。

Like the death certificates issued recently, the memos list the cause of death as “cardiac arrest.”

和最近发布的死亡证明一样，备忘录将被押人员的死亡原因归结为了“心脏骤停”。

One memo identifies a detainee who also appears in one of Caesar’s photos; his eye is gouged out.

有一份备忘录中也提到了曾经出现在凯撒的照片里的囚犯；他的眼睛都被挖了。

The prisons seem to have been hit with an uncanny epidemic of heart disease, said Mr. Darwish, the human rights lawyer.

人权律师达维什说，那些监狱似乎都染上了一种离奇的心脏病流行病。

“Of course, when they die, their heart stops,” he said.

“当然，那些人死的时候，他们的心脏都是会停止跳动的，”他说。