时代周刊:无人机泛滥引来安全威胁(2)（在线收听）

A bipartisan group of Senators has introduced a bill

一个成员横跨参议院两党的小组提出了一项

that would give the Trump Administration the power to electronically jam drones that get too close to federal facilities;

允许特朗普政府对过于靠近联邦设施的无人机进行电子干扰的法案。

it is expected to pass before the end of the year.

预计该法案将于年底前通过。

Agencies across government are now forbidden to identify and shoot down drones

政府的所有机构现在都被禁止识别并击落无人机，

because of decades-old regulations that treat the robotic aircraft as if they were passenger jets.

因为实施了数十年之久的法规一直给予了无人机与客机同等的待遇。

Officials say they’re in a race against time.

官员们表示，他们正在与时间赛跑。

“It’s not if these devices will be weaponized in the homeland but when,” an Administration official told TIME.

一名政府官员接受本刊采访时表示，“问题不是这些设备是否会在美国被武器化，而是什么时候被武器化。”

A White House fact sheet put out in support of the new measures

白宫发布了一份支持新措施的简报，

says criminals could “drop explosive payloads, deliver harmful substances and conduct reconnaissance” using quadcopters.

称犯罪分子可能用四轴无人机“投掷炸弹，运送有害物质或开展侦察工作”。

In November, authorities arrested a 55-year-old Sacramento man

去年11月，当局就逮捕了一名55岁的萨克拉门托男子，

who flew a drone that dropped leaflets featuring a rant against television-news outlets

因该男子在美国国家橄榄球联盟比赛期间操控无人机

inside Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara, Calif., during an NFL game.

往加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉的李维斯体育场内空投怒骂电视新闻机构的传单。

No one was harmed, but officials with DHS and outside analysts took it as a warning:

虽未造成人身伤害，但国土安全部官员和外部分析人士还是认为应该引以为戒：

What if the drone’s payload were an explosive or a harmful chemical?

如果无人机装载的是爆炸物或有害化学物质情况又会如何？

He was cited for flying the drone in prohibited airspace, a misdemeanor.

该男子被控在禁飞区飞行无人机，并被处以轻罪。

One reason the U.S. government fears drone warfare is that it knows the power of remotely controlled air power.

美国政府之所以担心无人机战，部分原因在于他们深知远程控制空中力量的威力。

Since 2001, the CIA and Air Force have deployed the multimillion-dollar fixed wing MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper drones,

自2001年以来，中央情报局和空军部门已经部署了价值数百万美元的固定翼“MQ-1捕食者”和“MQ-9收割者”等

which are the size of small fighter jets and can deliver Hellfire missiles and 500-lb. bombs.

小型战斗机大小，可以发射地狱火导弹和500磅炸弹的无人机。

These drones, mostly operated remotely from Nevada, have killed thousands of militants across the Middle East and the Horn of Africa.

据总部位于伦敦，追踪无人机袭击数据的调查新闻局透露，

They have also been responsible for 751 to 1,555 civilian deaths,

大多在内华达州远程操作的这些无人机

according to the London-based Bureau of Investigative Journalism, which tracks drone-strike data.

已经在中东和非洲之角消灭了数千名武装分子，也造成了751~1555名平民死亡。

The Obama Administration struggled to balance the strategic advantages of drones with the humanitarian costs.

奥巴马政府曾为平衡无人机的战略优势和人道主义成本问题付出了艰辛的努力。

Over years of internal debate and external pressure,

经过多年的内部争论和外部压力，

it developed a legal and policy framework underlying the controversial practice of targeted killing with drones.

该政府还是制定了为无人机定点杀伤这一备受争议的做法提供依据的法律和政策框架。

Critics, like the American Civil Liberties Union, said the extrajudicial system enabled a sitting President to be “judge, jury and executioner.”

美国公民自由联盟等批评人士表示，上述法外制度使现任总统能够同时“担任法官、陪审团和刽子手”。

The Trump Administration has continued operating under the Obama rules.

特朗普政府继续奉行着奥巴马时代的规则。

It has loosened constraints on who can be targeted on the basis of the threat they pose.

在因构成威胁而判定某人为针对目标时也放松了限制条件。

Most of the danger from the commercial drone boom here at home has been in the category of nuisance offenses.

国内商用无人机的繁荣带来的危险大多都仅限于妨害罪。

Under current law, hobbyists and commercial users must keep unmanned aircraft below 400 ft.

现行法律规定，无人机爱好者和商业用户必须将无人机的飞行高度控制在400英尺（约122米）以内，

and avoid flying within five miles of an airport to avoid endangering commercial aircraft.

同时避免在距离机场五英里（约8公里）的范围内飞行，以免危及商用飞机。

Even small drones could disable a passenger jet by getting sucked into and destroying a jet’s engine.

即使是小型无人机也可能被吸入继而摧毁客机引擎，导致整个客机失控。

Still, recreational drone users often ignore the law.

不过，娱乐性无人机用户经常无视这些法律规定。

On Sept.30, 2017, alone, there were eight dangerous drone incidents, according to the FAA:

美国联邦航空局透露，仅2017年9月30日，就发生了8起危险的无人机事件：

an airline pilot reported spotting a drone at 4,000 ft. as the passenger jet came in for a landing at O’Hare International Airport in Chicago;

某飞行员报告称，当他准备在芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场降落时，他在4000英尺(约1219米)的高空发现了一架无人机；

a pilot leaving Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport spotted a drone about 100 yd. of his left wing, hovering at 6,500 ft.;

一名刚从达拉斯/沃斯堡国际机场起飞的飞行员在距其左翼仅约100码（约91米）处发现一架盘旋的无人机，其飞行高度高达6500英尺（约1981米）；

and others had close calls in Long Beach, Calif.; Burbank, Calif.; Newark, N.J.; McAlester, Okla.; Hollywood, Fla.; and San Antonio.

加州长滩机场，加州伯班克机场，新泽西纽瓦克机场，俄克拉荷马州的麦卡莱斯特机场，佛罗里达州的好莱坞机场以及圣安东尼奥机场也都发生过十分惊险的无人机事件。