时代周刊:美国的分裂(5)（在线收听）

Biden was buoyed by a vast grassroots movement: the Trump era has seen a frenzy of political action, with thousands of newly motivated activists leading local political groups. Middle-class women gathered their Facebook friends to drink wine and make canvassing phone calls; disaffected Republicans waged a multimillion-dollar campaign to mobilize their peers. A weak fundraiser who ended the primary essentially broke, Biden shattered general-election fundraising records—his campaign hauled in $952 million, dwarfing the incumbent by more than $300 million—as liberals showered donations on him and the party's congressional candidates.

拜登受到了一场大规模草根运动的支持：特朗普时代出现了疯狂的政治行动，数千名新加入的积极分子领导着当地的政治团体。中产阶级女性把她们在脸书上的朋友聚在一起，喝着红酒，打着游说电话；心怀不满的共和党人发起了一场数百万美元的竞选活动来动员他们的同僚。初选结束时拜登的资金筹集能力很弱，但他却打破了大选筹款记录——他的竞选活动筹集了9.52亿美元，比现任总统多出了3亿多美元，自由派给他和该党的国会候选人提供了大量捐款。

But Trump had his own army of enthusiastic supporters. His massive rallies—held at cavernous airport hangars and sports arenas with no social distancing and limited mask wearing—were not just aimed at flattering Trump's ego or creating images of enthusiastic throngs for local and national media. Republican National Committee (RNC) teams perched outside each event, registering new voters and creating a database of supporters. "People sometimes poohpooh the rallies and say there's really no campaign structural benefit to them," says Brian Ballard, a Republican lobbyist with close ties to Trump. But they allowed the campaign to "utilize the crowds that not only go, but the crowds that registered to go, and sometimes that number is five times the amount of folks that actually show up."

不过特朗普也有自己的热情支持者大军。他在空旷的机场飞机库和运动场举行的大型集会，没有安全社交距离，也不戴口罩，其目的不仅仅是为了讨好特朗普的自尊，同时也为当地和全国媒体制造狂热人群的形象。共和党全国委员会(RNC)的团队在每一场活动的外面都站着，登记新选民并创建支持者数据库。与特朗普关系密切的共和党游说者布莱恩·巴拉德表示：“人们有时对集会嗤之以鼻，说他们没有获得竞选结构效益。”但他们允许竞选活动“利用不仅去了的人群，还有注册去的人群，有时这个数字是实际到场人数的五倍。”

Trump's campaign also kept up its feld-organizing program through the summer, while Biden's team hung back out of safety concerns. The joint feld program between the RNC and the Trump campaign boasted 2.6 million volunteers, according to figures provided by the RNC. They made more than 182 million voter contacts—more than fve times what they did in 2016—and added nearly 174,000 new GOP voters to the rolls. Early voter-registration fgures in Florida, North Carolina and other states showed that Republicans had "essentially neutralized what had been a Democrat advantage" by mobilizing new voters, says John Podesta, who ran Clinton's failed 2016 presidential bid.

特朗普的竞选团队整个夏天都在组织菲尔德项目，而拜登的团队则出于安全考虑退缩了。据共和党全国委员会提供的数据称，共和党全国委员会和特朗普竞选团队之间的联合菲尔德项目号称有260万志愿者。他们进行了超过1.82亿次选民接触，是2016年的五倍还多，并为共和党增加了近17.4万名新选民。约翰·波德斯塔表示，根据佛罗里达州、北卡罗来纳州和其他州的早期选民登记数据显示，共和党人动员了新选民，“基本上抵消了民主党的一个优势”。波德斯塔曾参与克林顿2016年的总统竞选，但最终以失败告终。