纽约时报 特朗普援引称律法 证明自己有权命令美企撤出中国(3)（在线收听）

Andy Mok, a trade and geopolitics analyst at the Center for China and Globalization in Beijing,

北京全球化智库贸易和地缘政治分析家莫天安表示，

said China was coolly assessing the latest American actions.

中国正在冷静地评估美国最新的动作。

“In negotiations, and especially in high-stakes negotiations,

“在谈判，特别是高风险的谈判中，

the side that reacts emotionally generally is the side that does not do well,” he said.

感情用事的一方一般都是表现不好的一方，”他说。

“The U.S. side is approaching this from a more emotional side, while China is more calm and calculating.”

“美国方面处理这件事时更情绪化，中国则更加冷静老成。”

Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act,

《国际紧急经济权力法》规定，

a president can declare a “national emergency” in case of “any unusual and extraordinary threat”

但凡国外势力对“美国的国家安全、外交政策或经济”构成了“任何非同寻常以及超常的威胁”，

to “the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States” from abroad.

总统都可以宣布“国家进入紧急状态”。

This triggers special authority for the president to regulate “any transactions in foreign exchange” by Americans.

这一规定赋予了总统对美国公民做出的“任何外汇交易”进行监管的特别权力。

The law was passed to define and restrain presidential power,

国会通过这一法律原本是为了界定和约束总统的权力，

which until then had been interpreted expansively under the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917.

因为在此之前，1917年颁布的《与敌方通商法案》的有关规定就被予以了过度解读。

It has served ever since as the main source of authority for presidents to impose sanctions on countries or individuals

自那以后，在面对具体的国家安全威胁，如始于1979年的伊朗人质危机时，

in response to specific national security threats, such as the Iranian hostage crisis that began in 1979.

这一律法一直是总统对国家或个人实施制裁的主要权力依据。

As of March 1, presidents had declared 54 emergencies under the law, of which 29 were still active, according to the Congressional Research Service.

国会研究处的数据显示，截至3月1日，美国历届总统根据该法案一共宣布了54项紧急状态，其中有29项仍处于有效状态。

Presidents have used it to target international terrorists, drug kingpins,

总统们多用这一律法打击国际恐怖分子，毒枭，

human rights abusers, cyber attackers, illegal arms proliferators and multinational criminal organizations.

滥用人权者、网络黑客、非法武器扩散者和跨国犯罪组织等势力。

Presidents invoked the law when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990,

1990年伊拉克入侵科威特，

when Serbia sent troops into Kosovo in 1998 and when Russia annexed Crimea in 2014.

1998年塞尔维亚出兵科索沃，2014年俄罗斯吞并克里米亚，当时在位的列位总统就援引了这一法律。

Among the countries targeted have been international outliers like North Korea, Sudan, Somalia, Yemen, Syria, Congo and Venezuela.

而被纳入针对行列的都是朝鲜、苏丹、索马里、也门、叙利亚、刚果和委内瑞拉这样的国际社会异类。

Using it in a trade dispute with a country like China would be a drastic departure.

在与中国这样的国家的贸易争端中使用这一律法堪称是极大地违背了这一律法的初衷。

But Mr. Trump could make the argument that China constitutes a national security threat

但特朗普可能会辩称，中国通过窃取知识产权及其在南海的军事建设

through the theft of intellectual property or its military buildup in the South China Sea.

对美国构成了国家安全威胁。

The Trump administration previewed this view of Beijing in its national security strategy in 2017,

在2017年的《国家安全战略》中，特朗普政府就表现出了这一态度的雏形——

which described China as a “revisionist power” that has “expanded its power at the expense of the sovereignty of others.”

将中国描述为一个“以牺牲他国主权为代价扩大自己的权力”的“修正主义大国”。

John E. Smith, a partner at the international law firm Morrison & Foerster,

国际律师事务所莫里森&弗斯特律师事务所的合伙人约翰·E·史密斯也表示，

said it had never been used for pure economic warfare without a national security nexus and could be challenged in court or by Congress.

在没有涉及国家安全的情况下，这一律法从未被应用到纯粹的经济战争中，特朗普的这一做法后续可能受到法庭或国会的挑战。