美国有线新闻 CNN 拜登将发表上任以来首次国会联席会议演讲（在线收听）

First subject of the week, the State of the Union Address or is it the annual message or is it a speech to a Joint Session of Congress. Some of the above?

本周首个主题，是国情咨文，年度咨文，国会联席会议上的讲话。是上述哪项？

This week, US President Joe Biden is scheduled to speak before the US Senate and the House of Representatives, hence at a Joint Session of Congress.

本周，美国总统乔·拜登计划在美国参议院和众议院发表讲话，因此这是在国会联席会议上发表讲话。

Article II, section 3 of the US Constitution states that the president shall do this, quote, "from time to time."

美国宪法第二条第三款规定，总统应“不时”这样做，但并没有规定必须发表电话讲话。

It doesn't say it has to be done on TV. It doesn't say it has to be done in person. It doesn't say when the information has to be given.

宪法没要求总统亲自完成。也没有要求总统何时必须提供信息。

Tradition plays a dominant role in the president's annual message--everything we're used to seeing, even when we're used to seeing it.

传统在总统的年度讲话中起着主导作用——即我们习惯看到的一切，即使我们已习惯于看到这一切。

The previous six presidents gave their first speeches to the entire Congress in February.

前六任总统在2月份首次向整个国会发表演讲。

But that's been a recent tradition, not a constitutional requirement.

但这是最近的传统，并不是宪法的规定。

In fact, it's tradition that a president's first speech to the entire Congress isn't called a State of the Union Address.

事实上，按照传统，总统面向整个国会发表的首次演讲不会被称为国情咨文。

The idea behind that is that the newly inaugurated leader hasn't been in office long enough to be an authority on the State of the Union.

因为新上任的领导人任职时间还不足以成为国情咨文方面的权威。

"CNN 10" contributor, Rachel Janfanza, explores what exactly is happening Wednesday night.

“CNN10分钟新闻”的撰稿人雷切尔·詹凡扎探究了周三晚上会发生的事情。

President Biden will soon deliver his first address to a Joint Session of Congress.

拜登总统很快就将在国会联席会议上发表他的首次讲话。

But Carl, it technically won't be his first State of the Union Address,

但卡尔，严格来说这并不是他第一次发表国情咨文，

which is what the president's Annual Message to a Joint Session of Congress, the Justices of the Supreme Court, the President's Cabinet, and other special guests is usually called.

国情咨文是总统每年向国会联席会议、最高法院大法官、总统内阁和其他特别来宾发表的年度讲话。

Traditionally, a president is in office for a year before they get their first State of the Union Address.

传统上，总统上任一年后才能发表第一次国情咨文。

But presidents are usually invited to speak before a Joint Session of Congress during their first few months in office.

但是，总统通常会在任期的头几个月应邀在国会联席会议上发表讲话。

This speech, before both the House of Representatives and the Senate Chambers, can be referred to as an annual message

这场在众议院和参议院两院发表的演讲可以被称为年度咨文，

or a message on a particular topic, such as an economic message.

或关于某一特定主题的讲话，例如经济咨文。

The tradition is rooted in the Constitution.

这一传统植根于宪法。

The Constitution states that the president shall, from time to time, give the Congress information of the State of the Union

宪法规定，总统应不时向国会提供国情咨文，

and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

并建议国会考虑他认为必要和适宜的措施。

While the concept of the yearly check-in is the same, the linguistics are different, and the guest list may be smaller, especially this year, given the COVID-19 pandemic.

虽然每年签到的概念一样，但语言存在不同，特别是今年，考虑到新冠肺炎疫情，嘉宾名单可能会更少。

The history of a presidential address to Congress dates back to President George Washington,

总统向国会发表演讲的历史可以追溯到乔治·华盛顿总统，

who was the first to deliver a regular address before a joint session in New York in 1790.

1970年，他成为首个在纽约联席会议上发表定期演讲的人。

The message used to be known as the President's Annual Message to Congress until 1934

这些演讲此前被称为总统年度国情咨文，

when President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to it as the Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union.

直到1934年，富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统将其称为年度国会国情咨文。

From 1942 to 1946, it began to be informally called the State of the Union Message or Address.

1942年到1946年，国情咨文开始被非正式地称为国情演讲。

And since 1947, it has officially been known as the State of the Union Address.

从1947年开始被正式称为国情咨文。

During the State of the Union, the president reflects on the past year how the country is doing

在国情咨文中，总统会回顾过去一年美国的表现，

and uses the opportunity to highlight their administration's legislative agenda, which needs congressional support.

并借此机会强调他们政府的立法议程，这需要国会的支持。

In modern history, presidents have used their first address to a joint session to outline their goals and lay out hopes for their administration.

在现代历史上，总统们利用他们在联席会议上的首次演讲来概念他们的目标，并为他们的政府提出希望。

So, Carl, while a Presidential Address to a Joint Session of Congress during their first year in office may not have all the formal fanfare of a State of the Union,

因此，卡尔，虽然总统执政第一年在国会联席会议上的讲话可能没有国情咨文那样正式宣传，

it can be used to highlight the president's agenda and set a forward-thinking tone.

但它可以用来强调总统的议程，并设定前瞻性的基调。