2021年经济学人 法国的劳动力短缺(2)（在线收听）

Even before the pandemic, this gap was a worry.

甚至在新冠疫情之前，这一差距就令人担忧。

The government had been trying to close it with extra apprenticeships and training schemes.

政府一直试图用额外的学徒和培训计划来缩短这一差距。

Now these have been expanded, with a more active approach to getting young people in particular into work.

现在这些措施进一步扩大，政府想用一种更积极的方式让年轻人找到工作。

A scheme known as "One youth, one solution" guarantees every under-26-year-old training, an apprenticeship or a job, for which firms may get a public subsidy.

一项名为“一个年轻人，一个解决方案”的计划保证每个26岁以下的年轻人都能接受培训，成为学徒或者找到工作，公司可以为此获得公共补贴。

The poorest get nearly 500 euros ($590) extra in benefits a month if they enrol in an active job-hunt scheme.

如果他们加入了一个积极的求职计划，那么最穷的人每月能多得到将近500欧元(590美元)的补助。

"The government has invested a lot in upskilling," says Ludovic Subran, chief economist at Allianz, an insurer.

保险公司安联的首席经济学家卢多维奇·苏夫朗表示：“政府在提高技能方面投入了大量资金。

"But there's an underlying mismatch between supply and demand that will remain for some time."

但供需之间存在潜在的不匹配，这种情况将持续一段时间。”

In parallel, there is an attempt to redesign the unemployment-benefit rules to encourage people to work.

与此同时，政府试图重新设计失业救济规则以鼓励人们工作。

President Emmanuel Macron's reform involves, among other things, curbing the generous payouts to high-earners while also increasing from four to six months the length of service required to qualify for full benefits.

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的改革包括，限制对高收入者的慷慨支出，同时将获得全额福利的服务年限从4个月增加到6个月。

This latter measure is designed to discourage firms from creating short-term contracts, which they do knowing that people can fall back on benefits in between.

后一种措施旨在阻止公司签订短期合同，因为他们知道有人能够从中获得福利。

But after unions took the reform to France's highest administrative court, the government was told in June to suspend it until the economy improves.

但在工会将这项改革提交法国最高行政法院之后，政府在6月被告知在经济好转前将暂停该计划。

Mr Macron vows it will apply from October, if growth picks up.

马克龙承诺，如果经济增长加快，该计划将从10月份开始实施。

Staff shortages in the hospitality business may be linked to its generous furlough schemes.

酒店行业的员工短缺可能与其慷慨的休假计划有关。

This will be tested at the end of August, when such workers will get only 72% of salaries rather than 84%.

这将在8月底得到检验，届时这些工人将只能得到工资的72%，而不是84%。

That may help firms entice staff back. So might better pay.

这可能有助于公司将员工吸引回来，所以可能会有更好的报酬。

For the moment, as restaurants prepare to check vaccination passes at entry, uncertainty is discouraging them from promising higher wages.

目前，由于餐馆准备在消费者进入时检查疫苗接种证明，不确定性使他们不愿承诺提高工资。

Diners may need to get used to longer waits, and fewer alternatives to the plat du jour.

用餐者可能需要习惯更长的等待时间，以及更少的菜品选择。