2021年经济学人 为应对供应链危机，洛杉矶港口将24小时运营（在线收听）

The world this week -- Business

本周国际要闻——商业

America’s annual inflation rate climbed again in September, to 5.4%, having dipped slightly in August.

美国的年通货膨胀率在8月份略有下降，9月份再次攀升至5.4%。

In its latest outlook on the world economy the IMF said that rising inflation reflected “pandemic-related supply-demand mismatches and higher commodity prices”, and warned that central banks would need “to walk a fine line” between tackling inflation and supporting post-pandemic economic recovery.

国际货币基金组织（IMF）在其对世界经济的最新展望中表示，通胀上升反映出“与疫情相关的供需不匹配以及大宗商品价格上涨”，并警告称，各国央行将需要在应对通胀和支持疫情后的经济复苏之间“保持平衡”。

Battling a supply-chain crisis that has caused a backlog of imports, a factor contributing to inflationary pressures, Joe Biden announced that the port of Los Angeles would operate 24 hours a day.

供应链危机已导致进口积压，这是造成通胀压力的一个因素。为了应对供应链危机，乔·拜登宣布，洛杉矶港口将全天24小时运营。

Along with the port of Long Beach (which is already open 24 hours) the complex is the biggest entry point in America for products from China and South-East Asia.

连同长滩港（已24小时运营）一起，该综合港口是来自中国和东南亚的产品在美国最大的入口点。

Big retailers and logistics companies, such as Walmart, pledged also to work longer hours to keep goods flowing.

沃尔玛等大型零售商和物流公司也承诺延长工作时间，以保持货物流动。

Apple’s share price fell sharply amid speculation that it would have to curtail production of its new iPhone 13 during the coming months because of problems obtaining chips.

苹果股价大幅下跌，原因是外界猜测，该公司因芯片短缺将不得不在未来几个月削减新款iPhone 13的产量。

Retailers in America and Europe have warned of shortages in a wide range of goods ahead of the Christmas shopping season.

美国和欧洲的零售商警告说，在圣诞节购物季来临之前，很多商品都会出现短缺。

Almost 4.3m Americans left their jobs in August, raising the “quit rate” to 2.9% of total employment.

8月份，近430万美国人离职，“离职率”上升到总就业人数的2.9%。

That was the highest rate since the data started to be measured in 2000.

这是自2000年开始统计数据以来的最高水平。

Most workers who jacked in their jobs were in the retail and restaurant industries, suggesting that they are confident of finding better-paid employment.

辞职的大多都是零售业和餐饮业的工作人员，这表明他们有信心找到收入更高的工作。

America’s unemployment rate fell to 4.8% in September, the lowest since March 2020, when the pandemic struck.

美国9月份的失业率降至4.8%，这为2020年3月疫情爆发以来的最低水平。

But it was also the weakest month this year for job creation, with employers adding just 194,000 people to the payrolls.

但这也是今年就业机会增长最疲软的一个月，雇主们的在职人员名册上仅增加了19.4万人。

The White House claimed that many organisations that have instigated a requirement that staff be vaccinated against covid-19 have increased their vaccination rates by more than 20 percentage points, to 90%.

白宫声称，许多组织要求员工接种新冠疫苗，它们已经将疫苗接种率提高了超过20个百分点，达到90%。

After years of negotiations under the auspices of the OECD, 136 countries agreed to introduce a global minimum corporate-tax rate of 15% and bring in new measures to force companies to pay more tax in the countries where they do business.

在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的主持下，经过多年的谈判，136个国家同意引入15%的全球最低企业税率，并采取新措施，迫使企业在其开展业务的国家缴纳更多税款。

Ireland, a low-tax haven for firms, overcame its hesitancy and signed up.

爱尔兰，一个企业的低税收天堂，克服了犹豫，并签署了协议。

Only four of the countries that entered the talks did not.

参加谈判的国家中只有四个没有签署协议。

To ease its passage through the American Congress, the pact imposes a two-year moratorium on new digital taxes, which affect Google and the like.

为了在美国国会顺利通过该协议，该协议对影响谷歌等公司的新数字税实施了为期两年的暂缓征收。