PBS高端访谈:没有学历的打工人的百态人生,你品到了吗?(2)（在线收听）

And you knew this was coming, right? The new collar candidates are folks like Faine, Burgess, Perez, and, in New York, Ray Rodriguez, who spent 11 years working his way up to assistant store manager at a big drugstore chain.

你知道这事会发生，对吧？新的领班候选人有费恩、伯吉斯、佩雷斯，还有纽约的雷·罗德里格斯，他花了11年的时间，在一家大型连锁药店当上了商店经理助理。

I used to make $46,000 a year, and then it dropped down to 40.

过去我一年挣46000美元，后来降到了40000美元。

As you got promoted?

因为你升职了？

Right. It was salary. And then they changed it to hourly.

是的，工资的原因，他们把工资改成了按小时计算。

But that wasn't the worst of it.

但这还不是最糟糕的。

Oh, my God. When I walked in the bathroom one day, I seen feces everywhere.

哦，天哪，有一天我走进厕所时看到到处都是屎。

It's like, how do you get it on the wall? And then there's a couple of times where people passed out in the bathroom.

我当时的反应是：你们是怎么把屎整到墙上的？还有几次有人在洗手间了昏倒了。

Shooting up.

打针吸毒呢吧。

Shooting up. And we got to call the paramedics.

是的，伪君子。我们还得叫医护人员过来。

Rodriguez, supporting a family, was desperate to get out of retail.

为了养家糊口，罗德里格斯非常想退出零售行业。

I used to always picture people with their 9:00-to-5:00 jobs, weekends off.

我以前总是想象那些朝九晚五工作、周六日休息的人。

They don't got to work nights. There was times where I would have to work overnights as well.

他们不用上夜班，有时我还得通宵工作。

And I was always like, oh, I wish I could have a job like that.

我总是想，嗯，我希望自己也能有一份朝九晚五的工作。

Well, why couldn't you get out?

那你为什么不辞职呢？

Without a degree it seemed like everywhere else was the same.

没有学历的话好像到哪里都一样。

And then he heard of IBM's electronics lab apprenticeship, applied, got an interview. Were you scared?

然后他听说IBM的电子实验室招实习生，他就申请了，得到了面试机会。你当时害怕吗？

Yes, I was scared. This is a dream job. The 9:00 to 5:00 that I have been dreaming about for years and years, this is what I was looking for.

是的，我害怕。这是一份理想的工作，多年来我一直梦想着的能有一份朝九晚五的工作，这就是我一直想要的。

So what was it about these folks that got them into IBM?

那么这些人是怎么进去IBM的呢？

Things like a growth mind-set, that willingness to constantly challenge and put themselves out there, take that little bit of a risk and build their skills on a very regular basis.

比如思维模式的成长，愿意不断挑战，勇于挑战，冒点险，定期培养技能。

The rapid advance of IBM technology.

IBM技术的快速发展。

IBM is trading on its long history of training its employees to scale up its apprenticeships, investing $65 million, as well as plenty of federal money, into earn-while-you-learn programs that usually segue into permanent jobs.

IBM正在利用其员工培训的悠久历史来扩大学徒制，向“边学边赚”项目投资了6,500万美元以及大量联邦资金，这些项目通常会延续至长期工作岗位。

The company says at least half its U.S. jobs no longer require a bachelor's degree.

该公司表示，美国至少有一半的工作岗位不再需要大学学历。

But, for those without one, even applying can be a challenge. Take Faine's online interview for her apprenticeship.

但是，对于那些没有学历的人来说，即便申请了可能也会是一个挑战。以芬恩的学徒在线面试为例。

So, I had this old laptop that is decrepit and kind of takes an hour to start up, to boot up.

我有一台老旧的笔记本电脑，开机就需要一个小时。

When I try to do the Webex, it fails. I'm crying. Like, tears are pouring out of my eyes. This was my shot, and I just blew it.

当我尝试用它做Webex时，它失败了，我哭了，就像，眼泪从我的眼睛里涌出。这是我的机会，我却搞砸了。

Burgess had a similar snafu.

伯吉斯也遇到了相似的混乱。

On my way to the IBM interview, my car actually died on side of the road. And my parents had to come and help me, because it overheated.

在我去IBM面试的路上，我的车在路边抛锚了。只能让爸妈过来帮我，因为车温度过高。

And then I get to the interview and it dies in the garage. And I have to, in heels and a dress, push it into the parking spot.

然后我到了面试的地方，我的在车库里彻底抛锚了。然后我得穿着高跟鞋和裙子把它推到停车位上。

And all these folks were intimidated by the name IBM.

所有这些人都被IBM这个名字吓到了。

In my mind, IBM is this big computer company, white men, suit and tie, carrying around a briefcase, business-savvy with all of the technical jargon. This is for the B-7000 8.2.

在我看来，IBM是一家大型计算机公司，白人男性，西装革履，提着公文包，精通所有的技术术语。这是B-7000 8.2。

But look who's talking technical now. Can anybody learn to do what you do?

但是呢？看看现在是谁在谈论技术问题。你所做的别人能学吗？

I think anybody with the drive to can.

我想任何想学的人都可以学。

It doesn't matter what you are or your background is. It doesn't mean that your brain can't do it. Now go ahead and walk forward.

这和你的身份背景无关，也并不意味着你的大脑做不到。现在，往前迈步吧，前进。

Despite her canine credentials, Jennifer Burgess is now a project manager, or maybe it's because of them.

虽然珍妮弗·伯吉斯之前是训狗师，但现在她是一名项目经理，或许就是因为训狗师的经历。

It's very similar to dog training, because it's about training the humans to be able to do what you need them to do. When they are good, though, you need to give some form of reward.

这和训狗非常相似，因为项目经理需要训练人类能够做你需要他们做的事情。当他们表现出色时，你就需要给予某种形式的奖励。

Give folks like this a chance, and there are hidden bonuses for the employer, lower pay than the highest-priced talent, higher loyalty.

给这样的人一个机会，雇主就会得到隐性奖金，比高薪人才的工资低，忠诚度高。

Because they gave me the opportunity that other people did not.

因为他们给了我别人没有的机会。

I'm not going anywhere. Did you not hear where I came from?

我哪也不去，你不知道我是打哪儿来的吗？

And with that, a final warning to those of you in corporate America from Byron Auguste.

下面是拜伦·奥古斯特对美国企业界的最后警告。

We hear about labor shortages. We hear about skills shortages. We hear about a war for talent.

我们听说了劳动力短缺，我们听说了技能短缺，我们听说了一场人才争夺战。

If you overlook half the talent pool in the United States, that is not a good talent strategy.

如果你忽视了美国一半的人才库，那么这不是一个好的人才战略。

And serious, smart companies are realizing that an enormous opportunity is among those that do not have bachelor's degrees.

严肃的、聪明的公司正在意识到，在那些没有大学学历的人中间存在着巨大的机会。

For the "PBS NewsHour," Paul Solman in North Carolina.

这里是“PBS新闻一小时”，北卡罗来纳州保罗·索尔曼为您报道。