[英语语法手册]情态动词概述-1(在线收听) |
特征 1)情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。 2)情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。 3)情态动词(ought除外)和助动词shall,will,should,would一样,后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。 形式变化 1)没有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。如: I can We can You can You can He They can She can It 2)有些情态动词有过去式,有少数过去式和它的原形相同。 a)有过去式的情态动词有: may —— would can ―― could may―― night shall —— should have to —— had to b)过去式不变的情态动词有: must — must (或had to) ought to — ought to need———need dare — dare(亦可用dared) 3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。 否定式 情态动词和助动词一样,后面可直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下: shall not——shan't [FB:nt] will not———won't [wEunt] can not—can't [kB:nt] must not—mustn't [5mQsnt] should not—— shouldn't would not—— wouldn't could not—— couldn't dare not— daren't [dZEnt] need not—— needn't 在疑问句中的用法 情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。如: May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗? Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一会儿吗? Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想参观重型机器厂吗? 注意have to在疑问句中的位置。如: Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去吗? Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完这项工作不可吗? |
原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/5387.html |