2022年经济学人 金融市场被迫消化美联储量化紧缩计划（在线收听）

The world this week - Business

本周国际要闻-商业

The Federal Reserve raised its main interest rate by three-quarters of a percentage point, to a target range of 1.5% to 1.75%, the biggest increase since 1994.

美联储将其主要利率提高了0.75个百分点，达到1.5% - 1.75%的目标区间，这是1994年以来的最大增幅。

It was thought the central bank would lift the rate by half a point, but a few days before its decision data showed that America’s annual inflation rate, as measured by the consumer-price index, increased to 8.6% in May, higher than had been expected.

人们原以为美国中央银行会将利率提高0.5个百分点，但就在该机构做出决定的几天前，数据显示，以消费者价格指数衡量的美国5月份的年度通货膨胀率上升到了8.6%，高于预期。

Grocery prices were up by an average 11.9%, the biggest increase since 1979.

食品杂货价格平均上涨11.9%，这是自1979年以来的最大涨幅。

The average price of a gallon of petrol in America has now breached $5 for the first time, up by 50% since January.

美国每加仑汽油的平均价格现在首次突破5美元，自1月份以来上涨了50%。

Financial markets also had to digest the Fed’s quantitative-tightening programme, which began this week.

金融市场也不得不消化美联储本周开始的量化紧缩计划。

The Fed is unwinding the balance-sheet of assets it accumulated since the start of the pandemic at a much faster pace than the last time it commenced such an undertaking in 2017.

美联储正在以比2017年上一次开始清理资产负债表快得多的速度，清理自疫情开始以来积累的资产。

The European Central Bank held an emergency meeting after government-bond yields rose sharply across the currency bloc.

欧洲央行在欧元区各国政府债券收益率大幅上升后召开了紧急会议。

The pressure on government debt came after the ECB outlined an end to stimulus measures and confirmed it would start raising interest rates next month.

在政府债务面临压力之前，欧洲央行概述了结束刺激措施的计划，并证实将于下月开始加息。

Italy’s bonds were under the most duress.

意大利的债券受到的压力最大。

The yield on the ten-year note rose above 4%.

十年期国债收益率上升到4%以上。

Japan’s finance ministry and central bank issued a statement that they are concerned by the weak yen.

日本财务省、日本央行发表声明表示，他们对日元疲软感到担忧。

Despite that the Bank of Japan intervened to expand its bond-buying programme when the yield on the ten-year note again breached its 0.25% cap.

尽管如此，当十年期国债收益率再次突破0.25%的上限时，日本银行进行了干预，扩大了债券购买计划。

The policy has driven the yen to a 24-year low against the dollar.

该政策已将日元兑美元汇率压低至24年来的最低点。

The S&P 500 dropped by 3.9% in a day.

标准普尔500指数在一天内下跌了3.9%。

That meant the index was down by 22% since its record high on January 3rd, making that stretch of trading a bear market (a fall of 20% or more from the most recent peak).

这意味着该指数自1月3日的历史高点以来下跌了22%，使这段时间的交易成为熊市(从最近的高点下跌了20%或更多)。

The current bear market has lasted over 160 days.

目前的熊市已经持续了160多天。

That is longer than the bearish 33 days over February and March 2020, but still some way behind the 517 days that ran from October 2007 to March 2009.

这比2020年2月和3月期间的33天熊市要长，但仍低于2007年10月至2009年3月的517天。

Cryptocurrency markets were in turmoil as more signs emerged of problems with the infrastructure underpinning digital assets.

随着越来越多的迹象显示支撑数字资产的基础设施出现问题，加密货币市场陷入动荡。

Celsius, a platform that enables its users to lend their crypto tokens for a return, stopped customers withdrawing funds.

Celsius是一个允许用户借出他们的加密代币以换取收益的平台，该平台阻止了客户提取资金。

Bitcoin shed over a fifth of its price over a few days.

比特币的价格在几天内下跌了五分之一以上。

The value of the overall crypto market has fallen from a peak of $3.2trn in November to less than $1trn.

整个加密货币市场的价值已经从11月3.2万亿美元的峰值下降到不足1万亿美元。