华盛顿邮报 美对俄实施经济制裁-导致卢布暴跌（在线收听）

We've seen largely measures that are targeted at Russian economy overall, the most dramatic of which was sanctions on the central bank, the Kremlin, that have really crippled the Russian economy and caused the ruble to plunge.

我们已经看到了主要针对俄罗斯整体经济的措施，其中最引人注目的是对中央银行——克里姆林宫的制裁，这实际上削弱了俄罗斯经济，导致卢布暴跌。

While those economy-wide measures are proceeding, however, the U.S. and the White House are looking at sort of specific targeted strikes, economic strikes, on the allies, the financial elite of Vladimir Putin.

尽管这些经济层面的措施正在进行，但美国和白宫正在考虑对弗拉基米尔·普京的盟友金融精英进行某种特定的有针对性的经济打击。

We are looking at about two dozen Russian oligarchs that have been sanctioned just a couple days ago by the European Union that the U.S. is optimistic, if their foreign assets are frozen, could deliver a serious blow to Putin allies and, therefore, Putin himself.

我们看到大约二十多名俄罗斯寡头在几天前被欧盟制裁，美国乐观地认为，如果他们的外国资产被冻结，可能会对普京的盟友造成严重打击，因此也会对普京本人造成严重打击。

So, what do personal sanctions look like?

那么，个人制裁是什么样的呢?

The way sanctions tend to work in the U.S. is that the Treasury Department, a branch of the Treasury called OFAC, will put you on a designated list, and if you are on that list, it means that your assets are frozen.

在美国，制裁往往是这样起作用的:美国财政部(一个叫做OFAC的财政部分支机构)会把你放在一个指定的名单上，如果你在这个名单上，就意味着你的资产被冻结。

This is different than asset seizure, which is possible if the government has evidence that you've committed a crime and it can take your possessions.

这与资产没收不同，如果政府有证据证明你犯了罪，政府可以没收你的财产，那么资产没收是可能的。

In this case, we're looking primarily, at this point, at frozen assets that the U.S. government could undertake once they put people on that sanctions list.

在这种情况下，我们目前主要关注的是，一旦美国政府将这些人列入制裁名单，他们可以冻结的资产。

And that is really potentially crippling to these oligarchs because they have assets all over the world,

这对这些寡头来说是一种潜在的伤害因为他们在世界各地都有资产，

and they've decided to store a lot of money they've made abroad because that's safer, in some respects, than keeping them in Russia.

他们决定把他们在国外赚的很多钱存起来，因为在某些方面，这比把钱留在俄罗斯更安全。

But that creates this vulnerability that the U.S. is trying to exploit.

但这就造成了美国正试图利用的这种脆弱性。

So, Jeff, tell me about this strategy.

杰夫，跟我说说这个策略。

How does it work in combination with all the other financial measures the United States and other countries have taken?

这个策略如何与美国和其他国家采取的所有其他金融措施相结合?

It's important to note, you know, that many innocent Russians, many people who have nothing -- who want nothing to do with the war, are going to get hurt by the central-bank sanctions, by the other changes to imports that the U.S. is considering.

值得注意的是，许多无辜的俄罗斯人，许多一无所有的人——他们不想与战争有任何关系，他们将会受到中央银行制裁的伤害，受到美国正在考虑的其他进口变化的伤害。

But this strategy is really designed to target a very small elite.

但这一策略实际上是针对一小部分精英。

Some people might say that that could spill over into hurting, you know, the companies that these people own.

有些人可能会说，这会影响到这些人所拥有的公司。

That's one of the key difficulties here -- "How do you make sure that some of the commodities and parts of the supply chain that the U.S. is trying to protect do not get affected by the sanctions of the billionaires that they're trying to hurt?"

这是这里的关键困难之一——“你如何确保美国试图保护的一些商品和部分供应链不会受到对(美国试图伤害的)俄罗斯亿万富翁制裁的影响?”