2022年经济学人 英国养老金危机（在线收听）

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

The Bank of England acted again to stabilise bond markets and increased its maximum daily purchases of long-dated gilts.

英国央行再次采取行动稳定债券市场，提高长期国债的日购买上限。

The central bank is buying the bonds through a temporary programme it created after markets took fright at the government’s plans for unfunded tax cuts.

英国央行正在通过一项临时项目购买债券，该项目是在市场对政府无资金支持的减税计划感到恐慌后创建的。

The programme is supposed to end on October 14th.

该项目预计将于10月14日结束。

British pension funds want it to be extended.

英国养老基金希望延长这一项目期限。

They are taking a hit from collateral calls on derivatives linked to bond prices, leaving them with a short-term financing problem.

英国养老基金正受到与债券价格挂钩的衍生产品抵押品催缴的打击，使养老金面临短期融资问题。

The turmoil pushed up the costs of financing Britain’s government debt, with the interest rate on ten-year bonds climbing back to levels that prompted the Bank of England’s first emergency intervention in September.

这场动荡推高了英国政府债务的融资成本，10年期债券的利率回升，促使英国央行在9月份进行首次收紧干预。

In an attempt to regain credibility in the markets, Kwasi Kwarteng, the chancellor of the exchequer, brought forward the date of his “fiscal plan”, which will explain how his tax cuts are to be paid for, to October 31st.

为了重新赢得市场的信任，英国财政大臣夸西·克瓦腾将其“财政计划”的日期提前至10月31日，该计划将解释减税将如何支付。

With markets expecting the Federal Reserve to continue raising interest rates, the yield on American government bonds has also increased.

由于市场预期美联储将继续提高利率，美国政府债券的收益率也有所上升。

That has pushed up mortgage rates in America, which are linked to the yield.

这推高了美国的抵押贷款利率，该利率与收益率挂钩。

The rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage has climbed above 6.8%, the highest level since 2006, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.

据美国抵押贷款银行家协会的数据，30年期固定抵押贷款利率已攀升至6.8%以上，为2006年以来的最高水平。

Global inflation is expected to peak later this year but remain elevated in 2023, said the IMF in its latest outlook.

国际货币基金组织在其最新展望中表示，全球通胀预计将在今年晚些时候见顶，但在2023年仍将居高不下。

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues to “destabilise the global economy”, said the fund, which shaved its forecast for global GDP growth next year to 2.7%.

国际货币基金组织称，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰继续“破坏全球经济的稳定”，将要把明年全球国内生产总值增长预期下调至2.7%。

With the world economy “headed for stormy waters” the IMF thinks that investors will turn to safe assets, such as US Treasuries, pushing the dollar even higher.

国际货币基金组织认为，世界经济形势越来越严峻，投资者将转向美国国债等安全资产，从而进一步推高美元汇率。

Kristalina Georgieva, the IMF’s managing director, predicted that the near future will be “more volatile, more fragile”.

国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃预测，不久的将来会“更加动荡、更加脆弱”。

General Motors launched a new business to help customers charge their electric cars and keep their power bills down.

通用汽车推出了一项新业务，帮助消费者为电动汽车充电，并降低电费。

GM Energy’s energy-management system is similar to the one sold by Tesla.

通用能源的能源管理系统与特斯拉销售的系统类似。

A consortium backed by private equity agreed to pay $7.9bn for Westinghouse Electric, which provides nuclear services including nuclear fuel and maintenance to around half the reactors worldwide.

一个由私人股本支持的财团同意斥资79亿美元收购西屋电气，西屋电气为全球约一半的反应堆提供包括核燃料和维护在内的核服务。

The deal is seen as a big investment in the future of nuclear power.

这笔交易被视为对核电未来的一笔巨大投资。

In order for the world to hit net-zero carbon goals, nuclear generation needs to double by 2050, according to the International Energy Agency.

根据国际能源署的说法，为了实现全球净零碳排放的目标，到2050年，核能发电量需要翻一番。