VOA新闻杂志2022 SWIFT制定全球央行数字货币网络规划（在线收听）

Financial messaging system SWIFT has released plans for a worldwide central bank digital currency (CBDC) network.

金融报文系统SWIFT发布了其建立全球央行数字货币网络的计划。

The plan is the result of eight months of tests using different technologies and currencies.

该计划是使用不同技术和货币进行8个月测试的结果。

SWIFT’s tests looked at how CBDCs could be used internationally and changed into traditional money if needed.

SWIFT的测试着眼于如何在国际上使用全球央行数字货币网络，并在需要时将其兑换成传统货币。

For the last month, the trial has involved France and Germany’s central banks and international banks like HSBC, Standard Chartered and UBS.

上个月，法国和德国的央行以及汇丰银行、渣打银行和瑞银等国际银行都参与了这次测试。

Around 90 percent of the world’s central banks are now using, testing, or studying CBDCs.

目前，全球约90%的中央银行都在使用、测试或研究全球央行数字货币网络。

Reuters reports that they are struggling with its technological complexities.

路透社报道称，他们正在为其复杂的技术而苦苦挣扎。

Nick Kerigan is SWIFT’s head of innovation.

尼克·克里根是SWIFT的创新主管。

He described SWIFT’s plan as a bicycle wheel in which 14 central and business banks are connected to a central point, its main hub.

他将SWIFT的计划比喻为一个自行车轮子，其中14家中央银行和商业银行连接到一个中心点，即其主要枢纽。

The tests will be followed by additional testing over the next year.

在这些测试完成之后，明年还将进行额外的测试。

The idea is that once the plan is in place, banks may need only one main international connection rather than thousands of connections with each partner.

其理念是，一旦该计划实施，银行可能只需要一个主要的国际连接点，而不是与每个合作伙伴建立的数千个连接点。

Kerigan said, “We believe that the number of connections needed is much fewer.”

克里根说：“我们认为所需的连接点的数量要少得多。”

He said this would likely mean that there will be fewer breaks in the chain and that it will likely be more efficient.

他说，这可能意味着链条上的断裂点会更少，效率可能会更高。

However, CBDCs have also raised concerns about privacy and central control of private financial dealings.

然而，全球央行数字货币网络点也对私人金融交易的隐私和中央控制提出了担忧。

SWIFT’s trial also tested a group of different CBDC technologies known as Distributed Ledger Technologies.

SWIFT的试验还测试了一组不同的全球央行数字货币网络技术，即分布式分类帐技术。

But, the use of many different technologies presents a barrier to quickly putting the plan into effect around the world.

但是，许多不同技术的使用阻碍了该计划在世界各地迅速展开实施。

A separated trial was carried out with financial companies Citi, Clearstream and Northern Trust.

与金融公司花旗银行、明讯银行和北方信托进行了另一个试验。

It involved “tokenization.”

它涉及“代用币化”。

“Tokenization” is a measure used to secure sensitive information.

“代用币化”是一种用于保护敏感信息的措施。

The test aimed to use digital “tokens” to trade property like stocks and bonds.

这项测试旨在使用数字“代币”来交易股票和债券等资产。

Some countries such as the Bahamas and Nigeria say they already have CBDCs.

巴哈马和尼日利亚等一些国家表示，他们已经建立了全球央行数字货币网络。

China has been developing a digital currency called the e-yuan.

中国一直在开发一种叫做“数字元”的数字货币。

And Reuters says the Bank for International Settlements has also been running cross-border trails.

路透社表示，国际清算银行也一直在进行跨境追踪。

SWIFT says it is in a good position because it has an existing network used in over 200 countries and connects more than 11,500 banks and funds.

SWIFT表示，它处于有利地位，因为它拥有覆盖200多个国家的现有网络，连接了超过1.15万家银行和基金。

SWIFT is a member-owned cooperative group based in Belgium.

SWIFT是一家总部设在比利时的成员合作组织。

It gained attention after it cut most of Russia’s banks from its network to punish Russia for invading Ukraine.

为了惩罚俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，该组织切断了大部分俄罗斯银行与其网络的联系，从而引起了人们的关注。

Kerigan said a new CBDC system could also bar countries from taking part in it.

克里根说，新的全球央行数字货币网络系统也可能会禁止一些国家参与其中。

But he did not know whether it would stop countries from joining one.

但他不知道它是否会阻止一些国家加入其中。

He said most central banks want to provide CBDC for the people, the businesses, and the organizations in their areas.

他说，大多数央行都希望为其所在地区的人民、企业和组织提供全球央行数字货币网络。

He added, “So a solution that's fast and efficient and that gains access to as many other countries as possible would seem to be an attractive one.”

他还说，“因此，一个既快速又高效，又能进入尽可能多的国家的解决方案似乎是有吸引力。”

I’m Gregory Stachel.

格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。