VOA新闻杂志2022 专家表示多因素导致印尼5.6级地震伤亡惨重（在线收听）

A 5.6-strong earthquake struck Indonesia’s Java island on Monday, leaving more than 260 people dead and hundreds injured.

印尼爪哇岛周一发生5.6级地震，造成260多人死亡，数百人受伤。

While earthquakes are common across Indonesia, the latest one caused more deaths and injuries than others of similar intensity.

虽然地震在印尼各地很常见，但最近一次地震造成的伤亡人数超过了其他类似强度的地震。

The quake also caused more damage to buildings and other structures.

这次地震还对建筑物和其他结构造成了更大的破坏。

Experts say there are several reasons why this earthquake was different.

专家表示，这次地震之所以不同，有几个原因。

The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake measured 5.6 magnitude and struck at a depth of 10 kilometers.

美国地质调查局表示，这次地震震级为5.6级，震源深度为10公里。

Quakes of this size usually do not cause widespread damage to well-built structures.

这种规模的地震通常不会对建造良好的建筑物造成大范围的破坏。

But officials have noted that in general, “There is not one magnitude above which damage will occur.”

但官员们指出，总体来说，“每增加一个震级不会造成如此损坏。”

They say the amount of death and destruction depends on several other variables.

他们表示，死亡和破坏的程度取决于其他几个变量。

These include how far something is from the center of the earthquake, what kind of soil is around and the build quality of structures.

其中包括某物离震中的距离，周围有什么样的土壤，以及建筑物的建造质量。

Numerous structures were damaged by the latest earthquake, including Islamic schools, a hospital and other public buildings.

最近发生的地震导致许多建筑物受损，其中包括伊斯兰学校、一家医院和其他公共建筑。

Roads and bridges were also damaged and areas surrounding the center of the quake experienced power outages.

道路和桥梁也遭到破坏，震中周围地区遭遇停电。

Experts say one variable of the latest quake was that the worst affected areas were close to existing fault lines.

专家表示，此次地震的一个变量是，受灾最严重的地区靠近现有的断层线。

A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth.

断层指的是在形成地球表面的岩石上有一个很长的裂隙的地方。

When an earthquake happens on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.

当其中一条断层上发生地震时，断层一侧的岩石相对于另一侧滑动。

In addition, the latest quake caused more destruction because of its depth and the fact that many structures in the area were not built with earthquake-proof methods.

此外，由于此次地震的深度和该地区的许多建筑物没有采用抗震方法建造，此次地震造成了更大的破坏。

“Even though the earthquake was medium-sized, it (was) close to the surface ... and located inland, close to where people live,” said Gayatri Marliyani.

加亚特里·马里亚尼说：“尽管这次地震是中等规模的，但它离地表很近……而且位于内陆，靠近人们居住的地方。”

She is a geology professor at Universitas Gadjah Mada, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

她是印度尼西亚日惹加查马达大学的地质学教授。

Marliyani told The Associated Press, “The energy was still large enough to cause significant shaking that led to damage.”

马里亚尼告诉美联社，“能量仍然大到足以引起严重的震动，造成破坏。”

Experts say the area hit in West Java likely has the most inland faults than any other part of the island.

专家表示，西爪哇省受灾地区可能是该岛上内陆断层最多的地区。

Many buildings in the area are also not built with quake-proof designs, said Danny Hilman Natawidjaja.

该地区的许多建筑物也没有采用抗震设计，丹尼·希尔曼·纳塔维贾说。

He is an earthquake expert at Indonesia’s Research Center for Geotechnology.

他是印度尼西亚地球技术研究中心的地震专家。

“This makes a quake of this size and depth even more destructive,” he told the AP.

他告诉美联社：“这使得如此规模和深度的地震更具破坏性。”

Indonesia, a country of more than 270 million people, is often struck by earthquakes, volcanic explosions and large ocean waves known as tsunamis.

印度尼西亚是一个拥有2.7亿人口的国家，经常遭受地震、火山爆发和海啸的袭击。

This is because the country sits within the so-called “Pacific Ring of Fire,” a collection of volcanoes and fault lines.

这是因为该国位于所谓的“环太平洋火山带”内，即火山和断层线的集合。

The area covers some 40,000 kilometers and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes strike.

该地区面积约4万公里，是世界上大多数地震发生的地方。

Many of Indonesia's earthquakes are minor and cause little to no damage.

印度尼西亚的许多地震都是轻级的，造成的损失很小甚至没有。

But there have also been deadly earthquakes.

但也发生过致命的地震。

In February, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake killed at least 25 people and injured more than 460 in West Sumatra province.

今年2月，西苏门答腊省发生6.2级地震，造成至少25人死亡，460多人受伤。

In January 2021, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake killed more than 100 people and injured nearly 6,500 in West Sulawesi province.

2021年1月，西苏拉威西省发生6.2级地震，造成100多人死亡，近6500人受伤。

And in 2004, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake off Sumatra island in northern Indonesia set off a huge tsunami that struck 14 countries.

2004年，印度尼西亚北部苏门答腊岛附近发生9.1级地震，引发了一场席卷14个国家的巨大海啸。

The disaster killed 230,000 people along the Indian Ocean coastline, more than half of whom lived in Indonesia.

这场灾难导致印度洋沿岸23万人死亡，其中一半以上居住在印度尼西亚。

I’m Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。