美国国家公共电台 NPR 创纪录的高油价推动了电动汽车或电动汽车的需求（在线收听）

Record high gas prices are driving demand for electric vehicles or EV 创纪录的高油价推动了对电动汽车或电动汽车的需求

　　Transcript

　　The war in Ukraine is worsening the already pandemic-strained auto industry. NPR's Steve Inskeep speaks to General Motors President Mark Reuss about the electric vehicle market.

　　乌克兰的战争正在恶化本已疫情严重的汽车行业。NPR新闻的Steve Inskeep向通用汽车总裁Mark Reuss谈到了电动汽车市场。

　　STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

　　STEVE INSKEEP，主持人：

　　This week, General Motors says it's releasing a new electric vehicle called the Cadillac Lyriq. It's been a few years in the making, but the arrival is well-timed. Cars are selling out, EVs are especially popular, and gas prices are high. We talked over GM's transition toward electric vehicles with the company president, Mark Reuss, who grew up in the car business. His dad was GM president before him, in the early '90s.

　　本周，通用汽车表示将发布一款名为凯迪拉克Lyriq的新型电动汽车。它已经酝酿了几年，但它的到来恰逢其时。汽车售罄，电动汽车特别受欢迎，汽油价格也很高。我们与在汽车行业长大的公司总裁马克·罗伊斯（Mark Reuss）讨论了通用汽车向电动汽车的转型。他的父亲在他之前是通用汽车总裁，在90年代初。

　　How different is this moment from the 1990s, when your dad was GM president?

　　这一刻与上世纪90年代你父亲担任通用汽车总裁时有多不同？

　　MARK REUSS: Whoa. You know, boy, that's a big conversation. But I got to say, you know, my dad was one of the champions of EV1 in the mid-'90s. And so, you know, the early mass production of an electric vehicle was unheard of at that time. It was a great, great car, but, you know, the auto industry was very different back then. Our capacity was different, but the industry itself was quite sprawling. In fact, I'm not sure any of the geopolitical issues that we have today - whether it be the situation we find ourselves in with Ukraine and Russia, or the chip shortage, or the pandemic itself for the last two-plus years - is very different.

　　马克：哇。你知道的，孩子，这是一场重要的对话。但我不得不说，你知道，我父亲是90年代中期EV1的冠军之一。所以，你知道，早期大规模生产电动汽车在当时是闻所未闻的。这是一辆很棒的汽车，但是，你知道，当时的汽车行业非常不同。我们的能力有所不同，但该行业本身规模相当庞大。事实上，我不确定我们今天面临的任何地缘政治问题——无论是我们与乌克兰和俄罗斯的关系，还是芯片短缺，还是过去两年多的大流行本身——都有很大不同。

　　INSKEEP: Are you telling me that changing the production models and changing the mentality of the auto industry has felt, over the years, like an even bigger challenge than the things that are in the news right now?

　　INSKEEP：你是在告诉我，多年来，改变生产模式和改变汽车行业的心态，比现在新闻中的事情更像是一个更大的挑战吗？

　　REUSS: I think so. And if you think about that, you know, we went through a very large global economic crisis back in '08, which really re-racked many of the businesses in the industry, including General Motors, obviously, but our capacity and demand is much more in line than it was in the '90s and '80s. We no longer have, you know, too much capacity in the industry for what the demand is. And in fact, you can see that pricing right now is at all-time highs. We've never seen this in the industry before because we just can't quite meet demand due to the pandemic, but also the chip shortages as a result of that.

　　雷乌斯：我想是的。如果你想一想，你知道，我们在08年经历了一场非常大的全球经济危机，这场危机确实重创了包括通用汽车在内的许多行业，但我们的产能和需求比90年代和80年代更为一致。你知道，我们在这个行业中不再有太多的能力来满足需求。事实上，你可以看到，目前的定价处于历史最高水平。我们以前从未在该行业看到过这种情况，因为由于大流行，我们无法完全满足需求，也因此导致芯片短缺。

　　INSKEEP: I'm thinking about the war in Ukraine, a country that makes auto parts. I'm thinking that that war involves sanctions against Russia, which is a source of nickel. Are you in a situation where, if you're putting out this Cadillac Lyriq, this brand new car, you have to prioritize and maybe slow down your production of other models?

　　INSKEEP：我在想乌克兰的战争，一个制造汽车零部件的国家。我认为这场战争涉及对俄罗斯的制裁，俄罗斯是镍的来源。如果你要推出这辆凯迪拉克Lyriq，这辆全新的汽车，你是否需要优先考虑，或者放慢其他车型的生产速度？

　　REUSS: We have, as a result of some of the chip shortages, really gone deep into our production supply chains and secured things like nickel in advance of any crises, and we have a good outlook and a very good process on securing supply of raw materials from any of these countries. And in fact, some of the lithium and other rare earth pieces of cobalt are actually going to be taken from places domestically as well as internationally, so we've got a very robust supply chain that we're working on.

　　雷乌斯：由于一些芯片短缺，我们已经深入到生产供应链中，在任何危机发生之前确保了镍等产品的安全，我们对确保这些国家的原材料供应有着良好的前景和良好的流程。事实上，一些锂和其他稀土的钴实际上将从国内和国际上购买，因此我们正在建立一个非常强大的供应链。

　　INSKEEP: I want to ask about the ways that you try to meet the concerns that people raise about electric vehicles when they consider buying them, one of them being - where am I going to charge this? When am I going to charge this? I gather that GM dealers are effectively supposed to become your charging station and distribute charging stations through their cities. How quickly can that happen?

　　INSKEEP：我想问一下，当人们考虑购买电动汽车时，你如何设法满足他们对电动汽车的担忧，其中之一是——我要在哪里充电？我什么时候收费？我认为，通用汽车经销商实际上应该成为您的充电站，并在其城市中分配充电站。这能多快发生？

　　REUSS: Well, it's happening right now. And in fact, we're using our dealer body. You know, we've got around 4,000 points that we sell and service GM vehicles, and we're using the dealers to help us locate where we're going to put those charging stations in, which is in the municipalities around the dealership.

　　雷乌斯：嗯，现在正在发生。事实上，我们正在使用我们的经销商机构。你知道，我们销售和服务通用汽车的积分约为4000点，我们正在利用经销商帮助我们确定将在经销商周围的城市设置充电站的位置。

　　INSKEEP: You think that you're going to be able to reassure people that they can take a long-distance trip in an electric vehicle and not get stuck somewhere?

　　INSKEEP：你认为你能让人们放心，他们可以乘坐电动汽车长途旅行，而不会被困在什么地方？

　　REUSS: I do. And that really gets around how fast you can charge. We're driving the technology to be able to charge in that same amount of time that you fill the gas tank.

　　雷乌斯：我知道。这真的影响了你的充电速度。我们正在推动这项技术，使其能够在您加满油箱的相同时间内充电。

　　INSKEEP: I just want to point out the obvious here - the Hummer that you're selling is a high-end vehicle. The Cadillac Lyriq that you're releasing is a fairly high-end vehicle. You want EVs to be available to everyone, but are you really going to be able to do that, given the price?

　　INSKEEP：我只想指出一个显而易见的事实——你正在销售的悍马是一款高端汽车。你发布的凯迪拉克Lyriq是一款相当高端的汽车。你希望每个人都能使用电动汽车，但考虑到价格，你真的能做到吗？

　　REUSS: I guess I take issue with - all electric vehicles will be more expensive than internal combustion engine vehicles. You know, vehicles like the new Equinox coming in 2023 will be right around $30,000, which is slightly below the average price of a vehicle today. So our volume plays on this, and so we're going to hit the price points that we always did, and it's our job to deliver those right at the price points that everybody can get into an electric vehicle.

　　雷乌斯：我想我不同意——全电动汽车将比内燃机汽车更贵。你知道，像2023年推出的新款Equinox这样的车辆将在30000美元左右，略低于现在的平均价格。因此，我们的销量取决于此，因此我们将达到我们一贯的价格点，我们的工作是以每个人都可以进入电动汽车的价格点提供这些产品。

　　INSKEEP: Okay. So you're confident that within - what? - a little more than a decade, you just won't be making internal combustion engines at all?

　　INSKEEP：好的。所以你有信心…什么？-十年多一点，你就根本不会制造内燃机了？

　　REUSS: Well, we'll see. The adoption rate, you know, by things like the higher gas prices today is only going to be an accelerant for that, I believe. But I think most people still haven't driven an electric vehicle. And when you drive one, you realize the convenience and you realize the ability to charge at home. So we've got to get them out there, we've got to get price points that people can afford, and we've got to have charging that's fast, and we've got to have that infrastructure in place. And, you know, we're going to have it.

　　我们拭目以待。我相信，今天油价上涨等因素的采用率只会成为加速因素。但我认为大多数人仍然没有驾驶过电动汽车。当你驾驶一辆汽车时，你会意识到它的便利性，你也会意识到在家充电的能力。因此，我们必须让他们参与进来，我们必须获得人们能够负担得起的价格点，我们必须拥有快速充电，并且我们必须拥有适当的基础设施。而且，你知道，我们会有它的。

　　INSKEEP: Mark Reuss of General Motors. Thanks so much.

　　INSKEEP：通用汽车公司的Mark Reuss。非常感谢。

　　REUSS: Thank you, Steve. I appreciate your time.

　　谢谢你，史蒂夫。我感谢你的时间。