英国卫报：人类的感官重要吗？该如何修复？(8)（在线收听）

　　It is one element in a process that Prof Barry Popkin has called the “nutrition transition”, which has happened all over the world as countries undergo economic development, and has transformed how and what people eat almost everywhere.

　　这是巴里·波普金教授所称的“营养转型”过程中的一个元素。随着各国经济的发展，营养转型已经在世界各地发生，并改变了几乎所有地方的人们的饮食方式和饮食。

　　There has been a shift from meals to snacks; from savoury to sweet; from local, homemade dishes to the same homogenised, ultra-processed foods made by multinational food companies.

　　从正餐到零食；从咸到甜；从本地自制菜肴到跨国食品公司生产的同质化、超加工食品，已经发生了转变。

　　This nutrition transition has seen a fall in the rates of global hunger, but it has also ushered in a vast rise in the prevalence of diet-related diseases, ranging from type-2 diabetes to heart disease, depression, asthma and some forms of cancer.

　　这一营养转型导致了全球饥饿率下降，但也带来了与饮食有关的疾病患病率的大幅上升，如2型糖尿病、心脏病、抑郁症、哮喘和某些形式的癌症。

　　In recent years, the concept of “malnutrition” has changed to include obesity as well as absolute hunger.

　　近年来，“营养不良”的概念已经改变，其中包括肥胖和绝对饥饿。

　　In middle-income countries such as Brazil, rising numbers of people are both under- and over-nourished at the same time – suffering from a surfeit of calories but a dearth of the crucial micronutrients and protein our bodies need to stay healthy.

　　在巴西等中等收入国家，越来越多的人同时营养不足和营养营养过剩，他们摄入过多的卡路里，却缺乏我们的身体保持健康所需的关键微量营养素和蛋白质。

　　The question is whether it is possible to retain the prosperity of the nutrition transition while moving towards a less destructive economy of food.

　　问题是，是否有可能保持营养转型的繁荣的同时，迈向破坏性较小的粮食经济。

　　The problem cannot be fixed without radical government intervention.

　　如果不进行激进的政府干预，这个问题是无法解决的。

　　Healthy food needs to be made the affordable, available and normal option.

　　健康食品需要成为负担得起的、可获得的和正常的选择。

　　This reform is all the more urgent in the wake of the war in Ukraine -- the world’s fifth-largest wheat exporter -- which will push the price of basic staples to unaffordable levels for many households.

　　在全球第五大小麦出口国乌克兰爆发战争后，这项改革变得更加紧迫。这将把基本主食的价格推高到许多家庭无法承受的水平。

　　But while we wait for this structural reform to happen, what can we as individuals do to eat in happier and healthier ways?

　　但是，在我们等待这种结构性改革发生的同时，作为个人，我们可以做些什么来以更快乐、更健康的方式饮食？

　　One suggestion is that we start trusting our own senses more, and the slogans on food packets less.

　　一种建议是，我们开始更多地相信自己的感官，少看食品包装上的标语。

　　The food writer Michael Pollan once said: “If you’re concerned about your health, you should probably avoid food products that make health claims. Why?

　　食品作家迈克尔·波伦曾经说过：“如果你关心自己的健康，你可能应该避免那些声称健康的食品。为什么？

　　Because a health claim on a food product is a good indication that it’s not really food, and food is what you want to eat.”

　　因为食品上的健康声明很好地表明了它并不是真正的食物，而食物是你想吃的东西。

　　When you really pay attention to what all five senses are telling you about food, you might automatically start to eat in a different and more pleasurable way.

　　当你真正注意到这五种感官都在告诉你关于食物的信息时，你可能会自然而然地开始以一种不同的、更令人愉悦的方式进食。

　　You might eat less, but appreciate what you are eating more.

　　你可能会吃得更少，但要更多地欣赏你吃的东西。

　　You reconnect with your own body and its relationship with food -- at least, this has been my experience.

　　你重新连接你自己的身体和它与食物的关系——至少，这是我的经验。

　　I notice that when I am cooking, if I can breathe in all of the scents and sights of the cooking process, I feel nourished by them before I even sit down to eat.

　　我注意到，当我做饭时，如果我能呼吸到烹饪过程中所有的气味和景象，我甚至在坐下来吃饭之前就感觉到被它们滋养了。