VOA新闻杂志2023 马克龙绕过议会强行通过延长退休年龄的法案（在线收听）

French President Emmanuel Macron ordered a highly unpopular bill Thursday to raise the retirement age from 62 to 64.

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙星期四颁布了一项极不受欢迎的法案，将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁。

Macron acted without the support of Parliament.

马克龙的行动没有得到议会的支持。

The country's lawmaking body is expected to react with proposals to withdraw parliamentary support of Macron's government.

法国立法机构预计将会对撤回议会对马克龙政府的支持的提议做出反应。

Police vehicles circled the National Assembly building in preparation for possible unrest.

警车在国民议会大楼周围巡逻，以防可能发生的动乱。

The proposed retirement age and pension changes have led to major strikes and protests across the country since January.

自今年1月以来，拟议中的退休年龄和养老金改革在全国各地引发了大规模罢工和抗议活动。

Macron argues that reform is needed to keep the pension system from falling into deficit.

马克龙认为，为了防止养老金制度陷入赤字，需要进行改革。

The decision to use special constitutional powers to order the measure was made during a Cabinet meeting.

马克龙动用宪法赋予的特殊权力下令采取这一措施的决定是在一次内阁会议上做出的。

It took place just a few minutes before Parliament was to vote on the proposal.

这发生在议会就该提案进行投票的前几分钟。

Macron had no guarantee of a majority in France's lower house of parliament.

马克龙无法保证在法国议会下院获得多数票支持。

Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne tried to officially announce the decision at the National Assembly.

总理伊丽莎白·伯恩试图在国民议会上正式宣布这一决定。

Some members interfered by singing the French national song.

一些成员通过唱法国国歌进行干预。

The speaker had to briefly suspend the meeting to return order to the process.

发言人不得不暂时休会，以恢复会议的秩序。

Borne said the presidential order was a necessary measure.

伯恩说，这项总统令是一项必要的措施。

"We cannot take the risk to see 175 hours of parliamentary debate collapse ... We cannot gamble on the future of our pensions," she said.

“我们不能冒险让长达175个小时的议会辩论崩溃……我们不能把赌注押在养老金的未来上，”她说。

Borne said her government is accountable to the parliament.

伯恩说，她的政府会对议会负责。

Opposition members answered her with booing.

反对派成员以嘘声回应她。

Lawmakers on the liberal and conservative sides quickly confirmed their next moves.

自由派和保守派的议员很快就确认了他们的下一步行动。

Marine Le Pen said her National Rally party would present a proposal to withdraw support.

玛丽娜·勒庞表示，她所在的国民联盟将会提交一份撤回支持的提案。

Communist Party lawmaker Fabien Roussel said a similar proposal is "ready" from his group.

共产党议员法比安·鲁塞尔说，他所在的政党也“准备好了”类似的提案。

"The mobilization will continue," Roussel said. "This reform must be suspended."

鲁塞尔说：“动员工作将会继续进行。这项改革必须暂停。”

A withdrawal of support requires at least half the members of Parliament's lower house to vote in favor of the proposal.

撤销支持需要议会下院至少一半的议员投票赞成这项提案。

That means 287 votes.

也就是287票。

The last time the French government was forced to resign was in 1962.

法国政府上一次被迫辞职是在1962年。

If proposals to withdraw support fail, the pension bill would be considered enacted.

如果撤回支持的提议失败，养老金法案将会被视为通过。

Earlier Thursday, the French Senate adopted the retirement age raise bill in a 193-114 vote.

周四早些时候，法国参议院以193票对114票通过了提高退休年龄的法案。

Macron wants to raise the retirement age so workers put more money into the system.

马克龙希望提高退休年龄，这样工人就可以把更多的钱投入到这个系统中。

He has pushed the pension changes as a central method for making the French economy more competitive.

他推动养老金改革，将其作为提高法国经济竞争力的核心手段。

The reform would raise the lowest age for pension.

这项改革将会提高领取养老金的最低年龄。

It would also require 43 years of work to earn a full pension, along with other changes.

这项改革还要求人们工作43年才能获得全额养老金以及其他改革措施。

Almost 500,000 people protested against the bill around the country Wednesday.

周三，全国有近50万人抗议这项法案。

Economic difficulties have led to widespread unrest across Western Europe.

经济困难导致西欧各地普遍出现动乱。

In Britain on Wednesday, teachers, doctors in training and public transport workers were striking for higher wages.

周三，在英国，教师、接受培训的医生和公共交通工人举行罢工，要求提高工资。

And Spain's government joined with labor unions to announce a "historic" deal to save its pension system by raising social security costs for higher wage earners.

西班牙政府与工会联合宣布了一项“历史性”的协议，通过提高高收入者的社会保障成本来拯救其养老金体系。

All three European nations are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

这三个欧洲国家都是经济合作与发展组织的成员。

In 2020, the OECD says, the average normal retirement age among member nations was 64.2 years for men and 63.4 years for women.

经合组织表示，2020年，成员国男性的平均正常退休年龄为64.2岁，女性为63.4岁。

I'm Caty Weaver.

凯蒂·韦弗为您播报。