VOA新闻杂志2023 美国宇航局展出火星栖息地 志愿者将实地生活一年（在线收听）

NASA showed off a simulated Mars environment this month where four volunteers will live for one year to help the American space agency prepare to send humans to the planet.

美国宇航局本月展示了一个模拟火星环境，四名志愿者将在那里生活一年，以帮助美国宇航局将人类送上火星。

The volunteers, who are not astronauts, are expected to enter the environment, called a habitat, in June. It was built at a major research base at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

这些志愿者并非宇航员，他们预计将于6月进入这个被称为栖息地的环境。它是在美国宇航局休斯敦约翰逊航天中心的一个大型研究基地建造的。

During their stay, crew members will take part in many different activities, NASA said in a statement. This will include taking part in simulated spacewalks, doing robotic work, caring for the habitat, exercising and planting crops.

美国宇航局在声明中表示，团队人员在停留期间将参加多种不同的活动。这包括参加模拟太空行走、机器人操作、栖息地维护、锻炼和种植植物。

The 160-square-meter habitat is also designed to recreate environmental pressures that future visitors to Mars could face. Examples of this will be carrying out activities with limited resources, being isolated and experiencing equipment failures, NASA said.

这个160平方米的栖息地旨在重现未来火星访客可能面临的环境压力。美国宇航局表示，这方面的例子包括在资源有限的情况下开展活动、被隔离以及经历设备故障。

The simulated environment was built using 3D printing technology. 3D printers have been used in recent years to build increasingly large structures, including entire homes.

这个模拟环境采用了3D打印技术打造。近年来，3D打印机被用于建造越来越大的建筑，包括整栋房屋。

The Mars habitat is part of a NASA program known as the Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog (CHAPEA). It is expected to include a total of three simulated environments.

这个火星栖息地是美国宇航局“乘员健康与性能探索模拟”项目的一部分。它预计包括3个模拟环境。

Grace Douglas is the lead researcher of the CHAPEA experiments. She told the French news agency AFP that NASA has been looking at 3D printing technology as a possible way "to build habitats on other planetary or lunar surfaces."

格雷斯·道格拉斯是“乘员健康与性能探索模拟”试验的首席研究员。她对法新社表示，美国宇航局一直在研究采用3D打印技术，作为“在其它行星或月球表面建造栖息地”的一种可能方式。

NASA officials are still in the early stages of preparing for a mission to Mars. However, most of the agency's current efforts support upcoming Artemis missions, which aim to return humans to the Moon for the first time in half a century.

美国宇航局官员仍处于火星任务的早期筹备阶段。然而，该机构目前大部分工作都在支持即将到来的阿尔忒弥斯任务，该任务旨在让人类时隔半个多世纪后首次重返月球。

While in the habitat, NASA workers will continuously follow the volunteers' physical and mental health.

在栖息地期间，美国宇航局的工作人员将持续关注志愿者的身心健康状况。

With that data, NASA will be better equipped to study how astronauts can learn to use only the resources they have, Douglas said. "We can really start to understand how we're supporting them with what we're providing them," she said. "And that's going to be really important information to making those critical resource decisions," she added.

道格拉斯表示，有了这些数据，美国宇航局将能更好地研究宇航员如何学会只使用他们所拥有的资源。她说：“我们可以真正开始了解我们是如何通过所提供的东西来支持他们的。”她补充道：“这将是做出关键资源决策的重要信息。”

The habitat includes an "outdoor" area that simulates the Martian surface and environment. That area, however will still be within the simulated environment.

栖息地包括一个模拟火星表面和环境的“户外”区域。然而，该区域仍将处于模拟环境中。

The volunteers who will take part in the first experiment have not yet been named. NASA says the process of choosing the individuals will follow the same guidelines that are used to choose astronauts. The team members will be expected to have rich backgrounds in science, technology, engineering and math.

参与首项试验的志愿者尚未委任。美国宇航局表示，遴选志愿者将遵循与宇航员相同的标准。预计团队成员将拥有丰富的科学、技术、工程和数学背景。

In addition, only American citizens or permanent U.S. residents can be chosen. Interested individuals have to be between 30 and 55 years old, in good physical health and have no dietary issues or motion sickness.

此外，只能选择美国公民或永久居民。感兴趣者必须年龄在30到55周岁之间， 身体健康、没有饮食问题或晕动病。

Former Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield told The Associated Press in 2021 that he thinks the requirements show that NASA is looking for people who are close to being astronauts. That, he noted, is a good thing because it will make the experiment better.

加拿大前宇航员克里斯·哈德菲尔德在2021年告诉美联社，他认为美国宇航局在寻找接近宇航员身份的人员，他指出，这将是一件好事，因为这将使得试验变得更好。

A past Russian effort to create a simulated Mars environment, called Mars 500, was not highly successful, Hadfield said. This is because the people involved were too much like everyday people, he added.

哈德菲尔德表示，俄罗斯过去试图创造一个名为“火星500”的火星模拟环境，但是没有取得成功。他补充道，这是因为参与者太像普通人了。

For the right person this could be great, Hadfield said. He spent five months in orbit in 2013 at the International Space Station.

哈德菲尔德表示，对于合适人选来说这可能很棒。2013年，他在国际空间站在轨飞行了5个月。

"Just think how much you're going to be able to catch up on Netflix," Hadfield joked. "If they have a musical instrument there, you could go into there knowing nothing and come out a concert musician, if you want," he added.

哈德菲尔德开玩笑说：“想想你在Netflix上能赶上多少。”他还表示：“如果那里有乐器，只要你想，你就可以从一无所知变成一位音乐家。”