2023年经济学人 好坏参半的美国春假（2）（在线收听）

    More than 400 Miami Beach police officers are working overtime to tame the crowds.

    400多名迈阿密海滩警察正在加班加点地驱赶人群。

    Resort-tax revenues do not cover the costs.

    旅游度假区的税收收入不足以弥补成本。

    The mayor, the police and the chamber of commerce are all desperate for the spring-breakers to retreat.

    市长、警察和商会都迫切希望这些“春假”人士撤退。

    But an attempt to ban liquor sales after 2am was crushed when a nightclub sued.

    但由于一家夜总会提起诉讼，禁止凌晨2点后售酒的尝试被迫终止。

    Busting illegal Airbnbs is a game of whack-a-mole.

    打击非法爱彼迎是一场打地鼠游戏。

    And when the city withheld permits for beach parties, entrepreneurial hosts took to the sea,当该市拒绝为海滩派对发放许可证时，有创业精神的主办者们就转向了海上，selling tickets for lawless cruises.

    为无法无天的游轮售票。

    (The city swiftly put more officers on boats.)(该市迅速增派了更多警察。)

    “Every single city in Florida that has been a spring-break destination has done everything迈阿密海滩市长丹·盖尔伯说:“佛罗里达州每一个曾是春假目的地的城市it could to end its spring break,” says Miami Beach’s mayor, Dan Gelber.

    都尽了一切努力结束春假。”

    For him, it’s not working.

    对他来说，这行不通。

    Fort Lauderdale, nicknamed “Fort Liquordale” for booze-smuggling during Prohibition,劳德代尔堡，因禁酒令期间的酒走私而被戏称为“酒堡”，was the first to host a roaring spring break and the first to shut it down.

    是第一个举办热闹春假的地方，也是第一个关闭春假的地方。

    When a 1960 film brought the hedonistic escapade there to the big screen, Americans became mesmerised.

    当1960年的一部电影将那里的享乐主义冒险搬上大银幕时，美国人被迷住了。

    By the mid-1980s spring-breakers mobbed the place.

    到20世纪80年代中期，春假的人挤满了这个地方。

    Bad behaviour made residents rally.

    恶劣的行为使居民们团结起来。

    Florida raised the drinking age from 19 to 21; the city tightened open-container laws.

    佛罗里达州将饮酒年龄从19岁提高到21岁; 该市严格执行“开瓶”法。

    The numbers plunged.

    饮酒人数大幅下降。

    “Back in the day it was belly-flop contests, nickel beers and hot-dog stands,”

    该市旅游局负责人斯泰西·里特说:

    says Stacy Ritter, head of the city’s tourism agency.

    “过去这里有跳水比赛、五分钱啤酒和热狗摊。”

    “These days it’s a different kind of college student, the kind that carries daddy’s American Express card.”

    “现在的大学生是其他类型的，那种带着爸爸的美国运通卡的大学生。”

    Though police expect double to triple as many students as last year,尽管警方预计学生人数将是去年的两到三倍，

    Fort Lauderdale’s spring break remains largely peaceful.

    但劳德代尔堡的春假基本保持平静。

    Farther west, city efforts have also had more of a bite.

    在更远的西部，城市的努力也产生了更大的影响。

    After students wrecked motels and trashed the waterfront of Gulf Shores, Alabama, in 2016,2016年，阿拉巴马州海湾海岸的汽车旅馆和海滨遭到学生们的破坏后，a ban on alcohol at the beach and a forceful crackdown sent them scurrying.

    海滩禁酒令和强力镇压令他们四处逃窜。

    “We had the gun loaded, ready to pull the trigger,” says the mayor, Robert Craft.

    市长罗伯特·克拉夫特说:“箭在弦上，准备发射。”

    Few have returned.

    几乎没人回来。

    Spring-breakers are not unwanted everywhere.

    并非所有地方都不需要春假。

    South Padre Island, off the Texas coast, spent $15,000 advertising on college campuses this year.

    德克萨斯州海岸附近的南帕德雷岛今年在大学校园花了1.5万美元做广告。

    Its population more than doubles when students arrive.

    当学生到来时，它的人口增加了一倍多。

    It is easier to patrol than bigger cities,这儿比大城市更容易巡逻，

    and its proximity to the Mexican border means there is already an overload of officers.

    而且它靠近墨西哥边境，这意味着警察已经超负荷了。

    But if its campaign is too successful, it may want to boot the college crowd out too.

    但如果它的活动太成功，它可能也想把大学生赶出去。

    Back in Miami Beach police are afraid to lay down the law.

    在迈阿密海滩，警察不敢制定法律。

    “With social media these days, whatever we do will be wrong,” one says.

    有人说:“如今有了社交媒体，我们做什么都是错的。”

    The city is sponsoring night-time shows to tempt visitors away from the chaos.

    该市正在赞助夜间表演，以吸引游客远离混乱。

    But volleyball tournaments are not what lured the fraternity brothers south.

    但排球比赛并不是吸引兄弟会成员南下的原因。