华盛顿邮报 沉默对男性健康的伤害(2)（在线收听）

    I really want to unpack some of the factors that could be driving this.

    我真的很想分析一些可能导致这种情况的因素。

    I remember, for example, being in the thick of the pandemic and hearing that men were more likely to die of COVID. Is that playing a role in this, to some extent?

    例如，我记得，在疫情最严重的时候，我听说男性更有可能因新冠而死。在某种程度上，这在其中发挥作用吗?

    COVID has changed life expectancy, in general, but it is true that men were more likely to die of COVID. Women are more likely to have long COVID.

    总体而言，新冠改变了预期寿命，但男性确实更有可能死于新冠。而女性更有可能患长新冠。

    But the fact that men are more likely to die -- The statistic is actually 140 deaths by COVID per 100,000 men. For women, it's 87.7. So that's a big difference.

    但事实上，男性更有可能死于新冠——统计数据实际上显示，每10万男性中有140人死于新冠。女性的这一数字则是87.7人。这是一个很大的差距。

    But it's not completely surprising.

    但这并不完全令人惊讶。

    The male species, whether it's a human or, you know, an animal, a mammal, is more likely to die of parasitic infection.

    雄性物种，无论是人类还是动物、哺乳动物，死于寄生虫感染的可能性都更大。

    So, you know, it may have to do with testosterone. Testosterone can suppress the immune system, and that might be why men are more vulnerable to infection.

    因此，这可能与睾丸激素有关。睾丸激素可以抑制免疫系统，这可能就是为什么男性更容易感染的原因。

    We know with women, they're more likely to get autoimmune disease where they have -- their immune system responds to powerfully.

    我们知道，女性更容易患上自身免疫性疾病，她们的免疫系统反应强烈。

    And that's why more, you know, various autoimmune conditions that can cause chronic illness.

    这就是为什么各种各样的自身免疫性疾病会导致慢性疾病。

    So we know there are differences in that hormones, biology, certainly plays a role.

    我们知道生物学上的激素差异肯定发挥了作用。

    But that doesn't mean we have to accept that men will always die sooner.

    但这并不意味着我们必须接受男性寿命更短的观点。

    You know, we've made a lot of gains in how we treat women's health conditions, so I don't think just because there's a biological factor, doesn't mean we should say, "Oh. We're done," because there's definitely more you can do.

    我们在治疗女性疾病方面取得了很多进展，但我不认为仅仅是因为生物学因素，我们就应该说，“哦。我们得出结论了，”因为肯定还有更多的原因待发现。

    I mean, that's a great point. It really seems like there are a lot of underlying biological reasons that could explain why men don't live as long as women.

    我的意思是，这是一个很好的观点。似乎有很多潜在的生物学原因可以解释为什么男性没有女性长寿。

    But there is more to it than that, right?

    但事情远没有这么简单，对吧?

    Like I mentioned, I'm in my mid 30s, I haven't been to a doctor in a long time.

    我提到说我30多岁了，我很久没有看过医生了。

    And I promise you, I'm not the only person in my life or maybe even your life who that is true of.

    我向你保证，在我的生活中，甚至在你的生活中，我不是唯一一个这样做的人。

    It feels like we're maybe more broadly more reluctant to seek help or to go to a doctor, you know.

    感觉我们可能更不愿意寻求帮助，不愿意去看医生。

    Is part of the longevity gap, as you call it, is part of that driven by cultural expectations of what a boy or a man should be doing or thinking about this stuff?

    你所说的寿命差距，是不是部分由文化对男孩或男人应该做什么或思考什么的期望所驱动的?