纽约时报 “双重打击”致使纽约市就业增长放缓(1)（在线收听）

    Since the start of the year, nearly six million jobs have been added in the United States.

    自今年年初以来，美国已经增加了近600万个工作岗位。

    The unemployment rate has plummeted to 4.2 percent, close to where it stood before the pandemic.

    失业率已降至4.2%，接近疫情前的水平。

    But in New York City, the economy appears to be in a rut.

    但在纽约，经济似乎停滞不前。

    After gaining 350,000 jobs in the last months of 2020, employment has slowed considerably this year, with just 187,000 jobs added since March.

    在2020年最后几个月增加了35万个就业岗位后，今年的就业速度大幅放缓，自3月以来仅增加了18.7万个就业岗位。

    The city’s unemployment rate of 9.4 percent is more than double the national average, and its decline in recent months was largely caused by people dropping out of the labor force.

    该市9.4%的失业率是全国平均失业率的两倍多，近几个月失业率下降的主要原因是人们退出了劳动力大军。

    From the start of the pandemic, no other large American city has been hit as hard as New York, or has struggled as much to replenish its labor force.

    自疫情爆发以来，没有哪个美国大城市像纽约一样受到如此严重的打击，也没有哪个城市像纽约一样难以补充劳动力。

    Nearly a million people lost their jobs in the early months of the pandemic, and thousands of businesses closed.

    在疫情的前几个月里，近100万人失去了工作，数千家企业关门。

    As the city plunged into its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, the unemployment rate skyrocketed, peaking in June 2020 at 20 percent.

    随着这座城市陷入经济大萧条以来最严重的金融危机，失业率飙升，在2020年6月达到了20%的峰值。

    Nearly every industry — from construction to finance to social services — has fewer people employed now than before the pandemic swept into New York in March 2020.

    从建筑到金融再到社会服务，几乎所有行业的就业人数都低于2020年3月疫情席卷纽约之前的水平。

    Nearly two years later, New York has added back a little more than half the jobs it lost, according to the state Labor Department, far less than the rest of the country, underscoring how the pandemic ravaged some of the city’s core economic engines like tourism, hospitality and retail.

    根据纽约州劳工部(state Labor Department)的数据，近两年过去了，纽约新增的工作岗位略多于此前失去的一半，远低于美国其他地区，突显出疫情对该市一些核心经济引擎(如旅游业、酒店业和零售业)的破坏程度。

    The protracted pandemic has shut out tourists and scared off the crush of suburbanites who filled office towers every weekday — a “double whammy,” said Andrew Rein, president of the Citizens Budget Commission, a nonprofit watchdog group.

    非营利性监督组织公民预算委员会(Citizens Budget Commission)主席安德鲁·赖因(Andrew Rein)表示，这场持续的疫情已将游客拒之门外，吓跑了每个工作日挤在办公大楼里的城郊居民——这是“双重重击”。

    Just 8 percent of office workers were back at work five days a week in early November, according to a survey by the Partnership for New York City, a business group.

    根据商业团体“纽约市伙伴关系”(Partnership for New York City)的一项调查，在11月初，只有8%的上班族返回上班且每周工作5天。

    “Commuters and tourists consume a lot of the same stuff,” Mr. Rein said. “They consume, in a certain sense, the vibrancy of New York City.”

    “通勤者和游客消费的东西大同小异，”雷因先生说。 “从某种意义上说，他们消费着纽约市的活力。”

    Their absence has contributed to the loss of more than 100,000 jobs in the city’s restaurants, bars and hotels, plus nearly 60,000 additional jobs in retailing, performing arts, entertainment and recreation.

    他们的缺席导致该市的餐馆、酒吧和酒店失去了超过10万个工作岗位，另外还有零售、表演艺术、娱乐和休闲行业的近6万个工作岗位。

    The reopening of Broadway theaters and the high rate of vaccinations has provided a boost this fall that lowered the city’s official unemployment rate to 9.4 percent in October.

    百老汇剧院的重新开放和高疫苗接种率在今年秋天起到了推动作用，使10月份该市的官方失业率降至9.4%。

    But the rise of the Omicron variant could threaten the fledgling recovery just as the next mayor, Eric Adams, takes office in January.

    但在下一任市长埃里克·亚当斯(Eric Adams)明年1月就职之际，但新冠变异病毒奥密克戎的攀升可能会威胁到刚刚开始的复苏。

    Mr. Adams has pledged to use the full resources of city government to reinvigorate the economy, creating a citywide jobs training and placement program.

    亚当斯先生承诺要利用市政府的全部资源来振兴经济，创建全市范围的就业培训和安置计划。

    So far, the city has regained fewer than six of every 10 jobs it lost since the pandemic began in early 2020, while the nation as a whole has regained more than nine out of 10 lost jobs, said James Parrott, an economist with the Center for New York City Affairs.

    到目前为止, 自2020年初疫情开始以来，该市每10个工作岗位中只有不到6个得到了恢复 ,而纽约市事务中心(Center for New York City Affairs)的经济学家詹姆斯·帕罗特(James Parrott)说，美国整体上已经收复了超过九成的失业人口。

    “It certainly looks to me like we’re going to have a much slower, much more drawn-out recovery,” Mr. Parrott said.

    “在我看来，我们肯定会经历一个非常缓慢、持续很久的复苏过程，”帕罗特说。

    The short but sharp pandemic recession was particularly painful for those in lower-paying service jobs: Positions in retail, restaurants and hotels help underpin the city’s economy and were the first to be cut in spring 2020.

    这场短暂但严重的疫情衰退对那些在低收入服务业工作的人来说尤其痛苦:零售、餐馆和酒店职位有助于支撑该市的经济，但这是2020年春季首批裁减的职位。

    The jobs have been slow to reappear while a large share of their customers — office workers — have still not returned to the city’s business districts.

    这些工作岗位重新复工的速度很慢，而他们的很大一部分客户—上班族—仍然没有回到城市的商业区。

    The story is far different for one major industry and its employees, finance, which has thrived, with companies like JPMorgan Chase posting record revenues during the pandemic.

    对于金融业这个蓬勃发展的主要行业及其员工来说，情况就大不相同了，摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)等公司在疫情期间公布了创纪录的收入。

    In the two previous recessions — those that started in 2000 and 2008 — Wall Street shrank and the city lost tens of thousands of high-paying finance jobs.

    在前两次经济衰退中-始于2000年和2008年的经济衰退-华尔街萎缩，这座城市失去了数万个高薪金融工作岗位。

    This time, the job losses on Wall Street have been minimal, helping tax collections to hold up as the city has continued to collect income tax from high-paid professionals who are working remotely.

    这一次，华尔街的失业人数很少，这有助于保持税收，因为纽约市继续向远程工作的高收入专业人士征收所得税。