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17 美国汽车工业第一巨头--亨利·福特
PIA-Henry Ford (pt. 2)
Date=4-15-01
Title=People in America #1817 - Henry Ford - pt. 2
Byline=Richard Thurman
ANNCR:
(start at 0'15") People in America, a program in special English on the voice of America.
Every week at this time, we tell the story of a person important in the history of the United States. Today, Steve Ember and Frank Oliver complete the story of (1) industrialist Henry Ford. (Theme)
Voice one:
In nineteen-oh-three, a doctor in Detroit, Michigan, bought the first car from the ford motor (2) company. That sale was the beginning of Henry ford's dream. He wanted to build good, low-priced cars for the general public. As he said many times: "I want to make a car that anybody can buy.
To keep prices low, Henry ford decided that he would build just one kind of car. He called it the "model T."
Voice two:
The "model T" was ready for sale in October, nineteen-oh-eight.
The "model T" cost eight- hundred- fifty dollars. It was a simple (3) machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the "model t." so did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the "model t." they wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of "model T's" were built in the first few years. The public wanted the car. And Henry Ford made more and more. Voice one:
To make the "model T,' Ford built the largest factory of its time. Inside the factory, car parts moved to the workers exactly when they needed them. Other factories moved some parts to the workers. But Ford was the first to design his factory completely around this (4) system. (5) Production rose sharply.
As production rose, Ford lowered prices. By nineteen-sixteen, the price had dropped to three- hundred forty-five dollars.
The last step in Ford's production success was to raise his workers' pay. His workers had always earned about two-dollars for ten hours of work. That was the same daily rate as at other factories.
With wages the same everywhere, factory workers often changed jobs. Henry Ford wanted (6) loyal workers who would remain. He raised wages to five dollars a day. Voice two:
That made Henry Ford popular with working men. He became popular with car buyers in nineteen-thirteen when he gave back fifty dollars to each person who had bought a Ford car. Henry Ford was (7) demonstrating his idea that if workers received good wages, they became better buyers. And if (8) manufactures sold more products, they could lower prices and still earn money. This system worked for Ford because people continued to demand his "model T." and they had the money to buy it. But what would happen when people no longer wanted the "model T," or did not have the money? Voice one:
In nineteen-nineteen, Henry was involved in a (9) dispute with the other people who owned stock in the ford motor company. In the end, Henry bought the stock of the other investors. He gained complete control of the company.
The investors did not do badly, however. An (10) investment of ten- thousand dollars when the company was first established produced a return of twenty- five- million dollars. A few years later, another group of investors offered Ford one- thousand- million dollars for the company. But he was not interested in selling. He wanted complete (11) control of the company that had his name. In a sense, Henry Ford was the company. Voice two: Henry's son, Edsel was named president of the company before nineteen-twenty. No one truly believed that Edsel was running the company. Whatever Edsel said, people believed he was speaking for his father.
In nineteen- twenty- three, fifty-seven percent of the cars produced in America were "model t" fords. About half the cars produced in the world were fords, Taxicabs in Hong Kong, most of the cars in South America. Never before -- or since -- has one car company so controlled world car (12) production? Voice one:
The success of the Ford motor company permitted Henry Ford to work on other projects.
He became a newspaper publisher. He bought a railway. He built airplanes. He helped build a hospital. He even ran for the United States (13) senate.
Some of Henry's projects were almost unbelievable. For example, he tried to end world war one by sailing to Europe with a group of peace supporters.
Voice two:
While Henry Ford enjoyed his success, a dangerous situation was developing. Other companies began to sell what only ford had been selling: good, low-priced cars. Ford's biggest competitor was the general motors company. General motors produced the Chevrolet (14) automobile.
Ford's "model T" was still a dependable car. But it had not changed in years. People said the "model T" engine was too loud. They said it was too slow. The Chevrolet, however, had a different look every year. And you could pay for one over a long period of time. Ford demanded full payment at the time of sale. Ford's share of the car market began to fall.
Voice one:
Everyone at Ford agreed that the "model T" must go. Henry Ford disagreed. And it was his decision that (15) mattered. Finally, in nineteen- twenty- six, even Henry admitted that the age of the "model T" was over. A new Ford was needed. A year later, the "model T" was gone.
Strangely enough, people mourned its end. They did not want to buy it anymore. But they recognized that the "model T" was the last of the first cars in the brave new world of automobile development.
The success of Ford's new cars did not last long. After nineteen-thirty, Ford would always be second to general motors.
Voice two:
In nineteen- twenty- nine, the United States suffered a great economic recession. Many businesses failed. Millions of people lost their jobs. In nineteen- thirty- one, the Ford motor company sold only half as many cars as it had the year before. It lost thirty- seven- million dollars. Working conditions at Ford grew worse.
In nineteen- thirty- two, hungry, unemployed men marched near the Ford factory. Police, firefighters and ford security (16) guards tried to stop them with sticks, high-pressure water and guns. Four of the marchers died, and twenty were wounded. Newspapers all over the United States (17) condemned the police, firefighters and security guards for attacking unarmed men. And to make a bad situation worse, ford dismissed all workers who attended funeral services for the dead.
Voice one:
More violence was to come. For several years, automobile workers had been attempting to form a labor union. Union leaders negotiated first with America's two other major automobile makers: the Chrysler company and general motors. Those companies quickly agreed to (18) permit a union in their factories, that left Ford alone to fight against the union, and fight he did.
Voice two:
In nineteen- thirty- seven, union organizers were passing out (19) pamphlets to workers at the ford factory, company security guards struck, they were led by the chief of security, Harry Bennett.
Harry Bennett knew nothing about cars. But he did know what Henry Ford wanted done. And he did it. Bennett's power came from Henry.
The only person who might have had the power to stop Bennett was Henry's son, Edsel, who was president of the company. But Edsel himself was fighting Henry and his (20) unwillingness to change.
Bennett's power in the company continued to grow. His violence against the union of automobile workers also grew.
The Ford motor company did not agree to (21) negotiate with the union until nineteen- forty- one. Henry Ford accepted an agreement. If he had not, his company would have lost millions of dollars in government (22) business. Voice one:
In nineteen- forty- three, Edsel ford died. With Edsel gone, Henry gain became president of the ford motor company. It was difficult to know if Henry or Henry Bennett was running the company. America was at war. And Henry was eighty years old...to old to deal with the problems of wartime production. And Bennett knew nothing at all about production.
So Henry's grandson, also Henry Ford, was recalled from the navy to run the company. Young Henry's first act was to (23) dismiss Harry Bennett.
Voice two:
Old Henry ford retired from business. His thoughts were in the past. He died in his sleep in nineteen-forty-seven, at the age of eighty-three.
Henry ford was not the first man whose name was given to an automobile. But his name-- more than any other -- was linked to that machine. And his dream changed the lives of millions of people.
Some still wonder if Henry ford was a (24) simple man who seemed difficult ...or a difficult man who seemed simple. No one, answer questions the fact that he made the automobile industry one of the great industries in the world." (Theme)
voice two:
You have been listening to the special English program people in America. Your narrators were Steve ember and frank Oliver. Our program was written by Richard Thurman.
注释：
(1) industrialist[In5dQstrIElIst]n.工业家, 实业家,
(2) company[ 5kQmpEni ]n.公司, 陪伴,
(3) machine[ mE5Fi:n ]n.机器, 机械v.机器制造, 用车床加工
(4) system[5sIstEm]n.系统, 体系, 制度, 体制, 秩序, 规律, 方法
(5) production[ prE5dQkFEn ]n.生产, 产品, 作品, (研究)成果
(6) loyal[ 5lCiEl ]adj.忠诚的, 忠心的
(7) demonstrate[ 5demEnstreit ]v.示范, 证明, 论证vi.示威
(8) manufacture[ 7mAnju5fAktFE ]v.制造, 加工n.制造, 制造业, 产品
(9) dispute[ dis5pju:t ]v.争论, 辩论, n.争论, 辩论
(10) investment[ in5vestmEnt ]n.投资, 可获利的东西
(11) control[kEn5trol]n.控制, 支配, 管理v.控制, 支配
(12) production[ prE5dQkFEn ]n.生产, 产品, 作品, (研究)成果
(13) senate[ 5senit ]n.参议院, 上院
(14) automobile[ 5C:tEmEubi:l, 7C:tE5mEubil, 7C:tEmE5bi:l ]n.汽车
(15) matter[ 5mAtE ]n.事件,物质vi.有关系, 要紧
(16) guard[ ^B:d ]n.守卫v.保卫,防止
(17) condemned[ kEn5demd ]adj.被责难的, 被宣告有罪的
(18) permit[ pE(:)5mit ]n.通行证, 许可证v.许可, 允许
(19) pamphlet[ 5pAmflit ]n.小册子
(20) unwilling [5Qn5wiliN] n.不愿意, 不情愿
(21) negotiate[ ni5^EuFieit ]v.谈判,买卖,
(22) business[ 5biznis ]n.商业, 买卖
(23) dismiss[ dis5mis ]v.解散,解散
(24) simple[ 5simpl ]a.简单的,朴素的,
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