VOA慢速英语2010年-Health Report - New Findings on Surger

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

Every year, one million women around the world are found to have breast cancer. Almost two hundred thousand others are told they have ovarian cancer.

The decisions for treatment are more difficult when the women have abnormal versions of two genes¹ called BRCA1 and BRCA2. The mutations in these genes can increase the risk for other kinds of cancer, including cancer of the cervix, uterus and pancreas.

SANDRA COHEN: "It’s kinds of like you are sitting on a time bomb waiting for cancer to occur, and it really does a number on you mentally to deal with that every single day."

Sandra Cohen has never had breast cancer or ovarian cancer. But she has the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. So she decided² to have doctors remove her breasts and ovaries. She made the decision after her mother and grandmother both died from the same kind of cancers.

Doctors have known for several years that preventative surgery reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer for women with the mutations. But a new study also shows that these operations help those patients live longer.

Doctors have known for several years that preventative surgery reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer for women with genes that put them at risk

The four-year study involved about two thousand five hundred women with the genetic³ mutations.

One of the researchers was Doctor Susan Domchek at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

SUSAN DOMCHECK: "Women who had their ovaries removed had a decrease in the risk of breast cancer, a decrease in the risk of ovarian cancer and, in addition, they were less likely to die of breast cancer, less likely to die of ovarian cancer and also had an improvement in their overall survival."

The study found that none of the women who had preventative breast removal developed breast cancer. Seven percent later did among those who decided against the surgery.

The rate of breast cancer was also seven percent among women who did not have their ovaries removed. Among those who did, the breast cancer rate was one percent.

Doctor Susan Domchek at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine helped lead a 4-year study on preventive surgery in women

The study also found that the women who had ovarian removal lowered their risk of death from ovarian cancer by almost eighty percent. Their risk of death from breast cancer was fifty-six percent lower, says Doctor Susan Domchek.

SUSAN DOMCHEK: "Our conclusion is that removing the ovaries particularly is very beneficial to women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations."

The researchers say women with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancers should get genetic testing. Sandra Cohen did.

SANDRA COHEN: "Do some research with a genetic counselor⁴. Meet some other women who have gone through it. It really will empower you and give you strength to take some action."

The study appeared in JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, with reporting by Melinda Smith and sound provided by JAMA. You can find our programs online at voaspecialenglish.com. I’m Steve Ember
 

1 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

4 counselor   

n.顾问，法律顾问

参考例句：

• The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
• Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。