World Health Organization Says Alcohol Abuse is an Internati

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
The World Health Organization says alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of death and disability in the world. A new WHO report says the harmful use of alcohol kills two and one-half million people a year. And officials say action is needed to reduce the problem.
世界卫生组织表示，酗酒是全球致死致残的第三大主因。世卫组织的一份新的报告称，过量饮酒每年造成250万人死亡。相关官员表示，必须采取措施缓解这一问题。
The WHO released the "Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2011" last week. The report shows young people at risk. It says three hundred twenty thousand people between the ages of fifteen and twenty-nine die yearly from alcohol related causes. That is nine percent of all deaths in that age group.
世卫组织上周发布了《2011年全球饮酒与健康状况报告》。报告显示年轻人正处于这一危险中。报告称，每年有32万名15到29岁的年轻人死于与酒精相关的原因，占到了该年龄段群体死因的9%。
Shekhar Saxena is director of the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at the World Health Organization. He says alcohol is responsible for one-third of the deaths among young people in some parts of the world.
谢加·萨克西纳（Shekhar Saxena）是世卫组织精神健康与物质滥用部门的负责人。他表示，在世界上某些地区的年轻人中，与酒精相关的死因甚至高达三分之一。
Shekhar Saxena: "Consumption and harmful effects of alcohol are increasing in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, which have less powerful regulations and which have less health services available."
萨克西纳：“在发展中国家，酒精的消费和有害影响正在攀升，尤其是在亚非地区，这些地方缺乏对酒精的有效监管，医疗服务也不是很完善。”
The World Health Organization report finds that six percent of all male deaths worldwide are related to alcohol. This is true in only one percent of female deaths. The report says one in five men die from alcohol related causes in the Russian Federation¹ and neighboring countries.
世卫组织报告发现，全球范围内所有男性死因的6%和酒精有关，而在女性中这个比例只有1%。报告称，俄罗斯联邦和周边国家1/5的男性死因与酒精相关。
There are four main causes of alcohol related death. Injury, from car accidents or violence, is one. Diseases like cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, heart and blood system diseases are the others. The WHO report says alcohol abuse also adds to the development of two hundred other diseases.
与酒精相关的死因主要有4种。车祸或暴力中的伤害是其中之一。肝硬化、癌症、心脏和血液系统疾病是另外三种。世卫组织的这份报告称，酒精滥用还增加了其他200种疾病的发作风险。
However, the majority of people in the world are not alcohol drinkers. The report says in two thousand five, almost half of men and two-thirds of women did not drink alcohol at all.
然而，全球大部分人不饮酒。报告称，2005年，全球近1半的男性与2/3的女性完全不饮酒。
Dr. Saxena says people who are dependent on alcohol live ten years less on average that those who do not have the problem.
萨克西纳博士称，依赖酒精的人群平均寿命要比不饮酒的普通人群少10年。
SHEHAR SAXENA: "I think a large proportion of what we are talking about in the two point five million deaths are in the age groups of people who should not die at that age. So, these are premature² deaths. The majority of deaths is below the age of sixty, actually."
萨克西纳：“我认为，我们所说的250万死者中的相当大一部分死在一个不应该的年龄段。因此他们属于过早死亡。实际上，这些死亡案例中的大部分人都在60岁以下。”
The WHO has a plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. It includes raising taxes on alcohol, reducing the number of places to buy alcohol and raising the drinking age. Officials say other measures include effective drunk driving laws and banning some alcohol advertising³.
世卫组织出台了一项降低有害饮酒的计划，包括提高酒精税，减少酒类销售场所数量，提高允许饮酒的年龄。相关官员称，其他措施还包括有效禁止酒驾的法律和禁止部分酒类广告。
1.leading adj.重要的, 主要的;最重要的；最成功的
例句：She is one of the leading writers of her days.
她是那个时代主要的作家之一。
chief，principal，main，major，leading，capital，foremost，primary chief拽人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高。
这些形容词均含有“首要的，主要的”之意。
principal用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。
main通常只用于物。指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其它物。
major指同其他人或其它物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出。
leading侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。
capital着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。
foremost侧重指在行进或发展过程中居首位。
primary通常不用于人。用于物时，指在重要性方面占第一位。
2.particularly adv.特别; 尤其
例句：He isn't particularly clever.
他并不特别聪明。
3.neighboring adj.邻近的
例句：Consonants⁴ are frequently assimilated to neighboring consonants.
辅音往往被其邻近的辅音同化。
4.dependent adj.依靠的, 依赖的
例句：He has a mother completely dependent on him.
他有一个完全靠他赡养的母亲。
5.below adv.在下面, 到下面
例句：I looked down at the hall below.
我瞧了瞧下面的大厅。
6.premature adj.过早的, 提前的, 未到期的
例句：A fire caused the premature closing of the exhibition.
火灾迫使展览会提前结束。
1.The report shows young people at risk.
at risk有危险
例句：The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.
这疾病在蔓延, 五岁以下的小孩都有危险。
2.He says alcohol is responsible for one-third of the deaths among young people in some parts of the world.
be responsible for为…负责,形成…的原因
例句：Everyone should be responsible for his work
每个人都应对自己的工作负责。
3.The report says one in five men die from alcohol related causes in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries.
die from和die of区别
表示死的原因，die后通常接介词 of/from, 其区别大致为：
(1) 若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧等)
(2) 若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from。如：die from an earthquake
(a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等)
(3) 若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。如：die of [from] a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)
但是在实际运用中，两者混用的情况较多。
4.The WHO report says alcohol abuse also adds to the development of two hundred other diseases.
add to增加, 加强
例句：This lesson adds to the value of the book.
这一课增加了这本书的价值。
Since then, the palace has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired.
从那以后, 那座宫殿不断得到扩建和修缮。

1 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

2 premature   

adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的

参考例句：

• It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
• The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

3 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

4 consonants   

n.辅音，子音( consonant的名词复数 )；辅音字母

参考例句：

• Consonants are frequently assimilated to neighboring consonants. 辅音往往被其邻近的辅音同化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Vowels possess greater sonority than consonants. 元音比辅音响亮。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》