VOA慢速英语2013 针对少年犯的恢复性司法实践

 

Restorative Justice for Youthful Offenders¹ 针对少年犯的恢复性司法实践

From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。

The path to prison often starts at a young age. One way to keep young offenders out of the criminal justice system is called restorative justice.

走向监狱之路往往是在年轻时就开始的。一种让少年犯避开刑事司法系统的办法被称为恢复性司法。

One of the first non-profits organizations to use this method is Community Works in Oakland, California. The organization now handles 100 cases a year, it works in partnership² with the district attorney's office and the probation³ department.

加州奥克兰市的Community Works是采用该办法的首批非营利性组织之一。该组织现在同地区检察官办公室和缓刑部门通力合作，每年处理100例案例。

Matthew Golde is a prosecutor⁴ in the district attorney's office. He says prison is not the best solution for most young people who commit a crime.

马修·戈尔德（Matthew Golde）是地区检察官办公室的检察长。他说，监禁对犯罪的青少年来说不是最好的解决办法。

"We know what happens when you incarcerate⁵ juveniles⁶ for a long period of time. They come out worse. For the vast majority, it is not empirically the best thing to do. So the question is 'What do we do?'"

戈尔德说，“我们知道监禁青少年很长时间会发生什么。他们出来后会变得更糟。对绝大对数人来说，实际上这不是最好的办法。所以问题就是，我们该怎么做？”

"I'm sorry for my actions on March 17, 2013, when you tried to stop me on the street in Berkeley. There is no excuse for what I did."

“我对2013年3月17日自己的行为非常抱歉，当时你在伯克利街道上试图阻止我。我当时的行为不可原谅。”

John is 16 years old. He got caught tagging, putting graffiti on a building. He tried to run away and hit a police officer while resisting arrest. John is reading his letter of apology to the officer.

约翰现年16岁。他在建筑物上涂鸦时被抓。他试图逃跑，并在拒捕时打了警察。约翰正在读他写给警察的道歉信。

"I still don't understand why I did it, but I do understand what a terrible choice it was to make in the moment. Hurting you was not my intention."

“我还是没明白我当时为什么那么做，但我知道我真的错了。伤害你不是我的本意。”

Instead of a judge, there is a facilitated. John's parents are attending the conference with the police officer he attacked. They are sitting in a circle, and speaking directly to each other.

没有法官，有的是一次调解。约翰的父母和约翰袭击的警察举行了一次会议。他们围坐成一圈，直接面对面交谈。

Melissa Saavedra is an employee of Community Works, with her assistance, they agree on a restitution⁷ plan. John will perform 20 hours of community service and do work at home for his parents.

梅利莎·萨维德拉（Melissa Saavedra）是Community Works的工作人员。在她的协调下，他们同意了一个回归方案。约翰将进行20小时的社区服务，并在家里帮助父母做家务。

"He's monitored very closely by myself with the support of mom and dad. We go through a plan and do right by the victim."

萨维德拉说，“我将在他父母的协助下严密关注他。我们和受害者通过了一个方案。”

John was given a second chance, He can return to school with no criminal record.

约翰获得了第二次机会。他可以不留犯罪记录重返校园。

Sujatha Baliga is the Restorative Justice director with the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, he says studies show that offenders going through restorative conferencing are less likely to commit a crime again in the future.

苏嘉达·巴利加（Sujatha Baliga）是美国犯罪与少年罪错理事会的恢复性司法理事。他说，研究显示，经历过恢复性会议的少年犯未来很少再次犯罪。

Restorative justice is not well-known in the United States, but the system dates back hundreds of years, used by American Indian tribes and the aborigines of New Zealand. Mennonites in Ontario, Canada started the modern-day practice in the 1970s. The idea has since spread to other parts of the world.

恢复性司法在美国名气不大，但该系统几百年前被美国印第安部落和新西兰原住民采用。加拿大安大略省的门诺教派于20世纪70年代开始进行现代实践。自此该理念传播到了世界其它地区。

Ruth Morgan is the executive director of Community Works. He says the group will soon expand the program to work with the district attorney in nearby San Francisco.

鲁斯·摩根（Ruth Morgan）是Community Works的执行董事。他说，该组织将很快扩大该项目同附近的旧金山的地区检察官合作。

Restorative practices have already spread to public schools in the San Francisco and Oakland area. Teachers and administrators⁸ are using restorative circles and conferencing to reduce student suspensions and expulsions.

恢复性司法实践已经传播到旧金山和奥克兰地区的公立学校。教师们和管理者们正采用恢复性圆圈会议，减少学生被停学和开除。

1 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

2 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

3 probation   

n.缓刑(期)，(以观后效的)察看；试用(期)

参考例句：

• The judge did not jail the young man,but put him on probation for a year.法官没有把那个年轻人关进监狱，而且将他缓刑察看一年。
• His salary was raised by 800 yuan after his probation.试用期满以后，他的工资增加了800元。

4 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

5 incarcerate   

v.监禁，禁闭

参考例句：

• Why do you incarcerate yourself in the room every afternoon?你为何每天下午将自己关在房间里？
• Many people think that it is wrong to incarcerate criminals in confined quarters for as long as thirty years.很多人认为把罪犯监禁在禁闭营里达30年之久是不对的。

6 juveniles   

n.青少年( juvenile的名词复数 )；扮演少年角色的演员；未成年人

参考例句：

• Do you think that punishment for violent crimes should be the same for juveniles and adults? 你对暴力犯罪的惩罚对于青少年和成人应一样吗？ 来自生活英语口语25天快训
• Juveniles Should we not exactly in need of such strength and conviction? 少年的我们难道不正是需要这种力量和信念吗？ 来自互联网

7 restitution   

n.赔偿；恢复原状

参考例句：

• It's only fair that those who do the damage should make restitution.损坏东西的人应负责赔偿，这是再公平不过的了。
• The victims are demanding full restitution.受害人要求全额赔偿。

8 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城